少数民族地区常态灾害危害度评价及防灾减灾体系研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 19:40

本文选题：少数民族地区 + 常态灾害　；参考：《中央民族大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国是世界上受自然灾害影响最严重的国家之一,灾害种类多、发生频率高、损失严重,尤其是少数民族地区。由于历史等原因,我国少数民族多分布于山高、谷深、高寒、干旱地区,其恶劣的自然地理条件决定了这些地区是自然灾害高发区,即致灾因子危险性大,承灾体对自然灾害的暴露性明显。加之近些年全球气候异常现象剧增,地震、滑坡和泥石流、雪灾等自然灾害对少数民族地区的发展形成严重威胁,如何减少灾害损失,提高少数民族地区抵御灾害的能力成为少数民族地区迫切需要解决的问题。目前,在灾害学领域,学者们多从灾害风险的角度展开研究,以期通过灾害风险的辨识、评估为政府部门的灾害管理服务。而少数民族地区自然灾害发生频率高,业已常态,尤其是地震、滑坡和泥石流、雪灾三种常态灾害,这些灾害的频繁发生给当地社会经济的可持续发展造成了长远影响。论文在对少数民族地区地震、滑坡和泥石流、雪灾三种自然灾害概况介绍和特点分析的基础上,从人员损失和经济损失两方面选取指标,以地州一级为评价单元,对这三种灾害进行危害度评价,并分别绘制了它们的危害度等级图。之后,以雪灾为例,从灾害法律、防灾减灾工程和防灾减灾能力三个方面,初步建立了少数民族地区雪灾的防灾减灾体系,并强调从加快我国灾害基本法建设、加强少数民族民众灾害教育、重视安全房屋和重要基础设施建设、增加救灾物资储备四个方面进一步健全和完善少数民族地区的雪灾防灾减灾体系。
[Abstract]:China is one of the countries most seriously affected by natural disasters in the world. There are many kinds of disasters, high frequency and serious losses, especially in minority areas.Due to historical reasons, ethnic minorities in China are mostly distributed in high mountains, deep valleys, high cold and arid areas. Their harsh natural geographical conditions determine that these areas are highly prone to natural disasters, that is, the risk of disaster factors is great.The exposure of disaster bearing bodies to natural disasters is obvious.In addition, in recent years, global climate anomalies have increased dramatically. Natural disasters such as earthquakes, landslides, mudslides, snowstorms and other natural disasters pose a serious threat to the development of ethnic minority areas. How to reduce disaster losses,Improving the ability of national minority areas to resist disasters has become an urgent problem to be solved in minority areas.At present, in the field of disaster science, many scholars carry out research from the perspective of disaster risk, in order to evaluate the disaster management services of government departments through the identification of disaster risk.The frequency of natural disasters in minority areas is high and has been normal, especially earthquake, landslide, debris flow and snow disasters. The frequent occurrence of these disasters has a long-term impact on the sustainable development of local society and economy.On the basis of the introduction of earthquake, landslide, debris flow and snow disaster in minority areas, the paper selects the index of human loss and economic loss, and takes the prefectural level as the evaluation unit.The hazard degree of these three kinds of disasters was evaluated and their hazard grade diagrams were plotted respectively.Later, taking snow disaster as an example, the disaster prevention and mitigation system in ethnic minority areas was preliminarily established from the three aspects of disaster law, disaster prevention and mitigation engineering and disaster prevention and mitigation capability, and it was emphasized that the construction of the basic Law on disasters in China should be accelerated.We should strengthen disaster education for ethnic minority people, attach importance to the construction of safe houses and important infrastructure, and further improve and perfect the snow disaster prevention and mitigation system in ethnic minority areas in four aspects: increasing the reserve of disaster relief materials.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X4

【引证文献】