红河钢铁公司型钢生产过程职业卫生现状调查研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 09:09

本文选题：职业危害因素检测 + 灰色关联分析　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：世界工业化的进程表明,随着生产力的发展和科技水平的提高,社会所面临的职业卫生与安全问题也日趋严峻。例如各行业职业病种类的增加,这就迫切需要提高安全管理水平,加强职业卫生保护,以保障人们的安全与健康。本文选定红河钢铁公司,根据建设项目职业病危害的特点,采用现场调查法和检测检验法对可能涉及的职业危害因素进行定性和定量的评估。在满负荷生产状况下,按照国家有关规范和相关标准要求,检测生产过程中产生的物理因素、粉尘、有毒有害化学物质等职业病危害因素。由于短时间内的检测数据存在较大的波动性,在此引入灰色系统理论为这种具有不确定信息的系统提供了从关联分析到模型建立、模拟预测以及规划控制的理论和方法。运用灰色关联理论对红河钢铁公司企业职业危害因素进行系统分析。通过关联度排列掌握事物的主要特征,找出控制职业危害因素的关键工作地点,以便集中人力物力重点对其采取整治优化措施,促进职业健康安全系统迅速而有效的发展。整治计划实施期问,我们可以借助灰色马尔可夫模型对职业危害因素的发展趋势和未来状态进行估量,可以确定施行的职业卫生安全决策是否科学有效,也为下一步的职业卫生整治规划提供判断依据。这种两种分析方法相结合,可以较为高效的解决一个企业的职业危害问题,有重点有目的的实施改进措施为企业节约大量成本与资源,为更好地开展建设项目职业病危害预防工作提供依据。主要的研究内容和成果如下： (1)本论文对红河钢铁公司各工作环节的工艺生产流程进行分析,确定实际生产过程中可能产生的职业危害因素,确定检测方法、检测仪器及布点设置。最后对采样数据进行整理计算,与国家规定的有毒有害危险因素上限值作对比,汇总结果并分析原因。 (2)运用灰色关联分析方法找出导致典型职业危害因素的主要和次要的生产环节,这样可以得到不同的因素和环节对整个系统的影响程度。根据此影响程度,可使钢铁企业的职业安全管理部门能有针对性的对严重影响企业职工健康安全的主要生产环节及因素采取措施,制定高效合理的职业卫生安全管理决策,减少职业病的发病率。 (3)利用灰色系统理论建立典型职业危害因素GM(1,1)预测模型。为了提高预测结果的精度和准确性,引入马尔可夫理论,对GM(1,1)预测模型进行补充完善,以便取得更精确的效果。此预测结果可以掌握典型职业危害因素发展的趋势及走向,用于检验整治后的效果,为及时修改应对措施提供依据。
[Abstract]:The process of world industrialization shows that with the development of productivity and the improvement of science and technology, the occupational health and safety problems facing society are becoming more and more serious.For example, the increase of occupational diseases in various industries, it is urgent to improve the level of safety management, strengthen occupational health protection, in order to ensure the safety and health of people.According to the characteristics of occupational disease hazards in construction projects, this paper selects Honghe Iron and Steel Company to make qualitative and quantitative evaluation of possible occupational hazard factors by field investigation and inspection.Under the condition of full load production, the physical factors, dust, toxic and harmful chemicals and other occupational hazard factors produced in the production process are detected in accordance with the relevant national norms and relevant standards.Because of the large volatility of the detection data in a short period of time, the grey system theory is introduced here to provide the theory and method for the system with uncertain information, from correlation analysis to model building, simulation prediction and planning control.This paper makes a systematic analysis of occupational hazard factors in Honghe Iron and Steel Company by using grey relational theory.Through the arrangement of correlation degree to grasp the main characteristics of things, to find out the key work place to control occupational hazard factors, in order to focus on human and material resources to take measures to improve and optimize it, and to promote the rapid and effective development of occupational health and safety system.During the implementation period of the renovation plan, we can use the grey Markov model to estimate the development trend and future status of occupational hazard factors, and we can determine whether the occupational health and safety decision-making carried out is scientific and effective.Also for the next step of occupational health improvement planning to provide a basis for judgment.The combination of the two analysis methods can solve the occupational hazard problem of an enterprise more efficiently, and it can save a large amount of cost and resources for the enterprise.To better carry out the construction project occupational hazards prevention work to provide the basis.The main research contents and results are as follows:1) this paper analyzes the process flow of each working link in Honghe Iron and Steel Company, determines the possible occupational hazard factors in the actual production process, determines the detection method, the testing instruments and the setting of the distribution points.Finally, the sampling data are collected and calculated, and compared with the upper limit value of toxic and harmful risk factors stipulated by the state, the results are summarized and the reasons are analyzed.2) the main and secondary production links that lead to typical occupational hazards can be found by using the method of grey correlation analysis, and the influence degree of different factors and links on the whole system can be obtained.According to the degree of influence, the occupational safety management department of iron and steel enterprise can take measures against the main production links and factors that seriously affect the health and safety of the workers and staff, and make efficient and reasonable occupational health and safety management decisions.Reduce the incidence of occupational diseases.The grey system theory is used to establish the prediction model of the typical occupational hazard factor (GM-1).In order to improve the accuracy and accuracy of the prediction results, the Markov theory is introduced to supplement and perfect the GM-1) prediction model in order to obtain more accurate results.The predicted results can grasp the development trend and trend of typical occupational hazard factors and can be used to test the effect after treatment and provide the basis for timely modification of countermeasures.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R134.2

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