低透气性煤层深孔预裂爆破增透抽采瓦斯技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 22:36

本文选题：深孔预裂爆破 + 渗透性　；参考：《西安科技大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国煤层开采深度的增加，煤层渗透性随之减小，从而严重制约了煤层瓦斯抽采率和抽采效果，煤矿安全形势越来越严峻。本文通过理论分析、实验室试验和数值模拟分析相结合的方法系统地研究深孔预裂爆破致裂机理、提高煤层瓦斯抽采和促进安全快速掘进的作用机理。并结合潞安集团五阳煤矿的现场实测数据，确定适合采掘工作面钻孔布置及爆破参数的最优方案。针对低透气性高瓦斯煤层瓦斯抽采难题，本文提出采取深孔预裂爆破配合巷帮预抽瓦斯的技术。首先，分析本课题研究所涉及到的国内外研究现状，煤样的全应力应变过程的渗透性试验表明裂隙的产生对渗透率的提高有极大作用，煤岩的主裂隙是突然产生并扩展的，并伴随渗透率的陡然增加，在渗透率峰值点渗透率增加41.4%~65%。其次，深入讨论深孔预裂爆破增透强化抽采瓦斯技术措施的方案设计，尤其是对粉碎圈半径、裂隙圈半径的理论计算，确定爆炸能量和裂隙发育之间的关系，深孔预裂爆破对巷帮和顶部的影响进行详细的分析研究。最后，比较爆破前后钻孔瓦斯抽采浓度和抽放量，在同等条件下，提高钻孔瓦斯抽采浓度和瓦斯抽放量，大大缩短抽放时间；爆破后煤层顶板破坏情况与爆破前相比变化不大，表明爆破对煤层顶板影响较小。从现场试验的效果看，深孔预裂爆破试验增透效果显著提高了煤体透气性，，提高瓦斯抽采浓度和抽采量，最佳的抽采半径区域为3～5m，表明对于低透气性煤层进行深孔预裂爆破增透抽采瓦斯是一种行之有效的方案。
[Abstract]:With the increase of coal seam mining depth in China, the permeability of coal seam decreases, which seriously restricts the coal seam gas extraction rate and extraction effect, and the coal mine safety situation is becoming more and more serious.In this paper, the mechanism of deep-hole pre-splitting blasting is systematically studied by means of theoretical analysis, laboratory test and numerical simulation analysis, so as to improve the mechanism of coal seam gas extraction and safe and fast driving.Combined with the field measured data of Wuyang Coal Mine of Lu'an Group, the optimum scheme for drilling arrangement and blasting parameters of mining face is determined.In view of the difficult problem of gas extraction in coal seam with low permeability and high gas permeability, this paper puts forward the technology of deep hole pre-splitting blasting combined with roadway pre-drainage.First of all, the present research situation at home and abroad involved in this research is analyzed. The permeability tests of coal samples in the process of full stress and strain show that the formation of fractures plays a great role in the increase of permeability, and the main fractures of coal and rock are suddenly produced and expanded.With the sudden increase of permeability, the permeability increases by 41.4% at the peak of permeability.Secondly, the scheme design of deep hole pre-splitting blasting anti-reflection and intensified gas drainage is discussed, especially the theoretical calculation of the radius of comminuted ring and crack circle, and the relationship between explosion energy and crack development is determined.The effect of deep hole pre-splitting blasting on the side and top of roadway was analyzed and studied in detail.Finally, the concentration and quantity of gas drainage in borehole before and after blasting are compared. Under the same conditions, the concentration and quantity of gas drainage in borehole are increased, and the drainage time is greatly shortened, and the failure of roof of coal seam after blasting has little change compared with that before blasting.It shows that blasting has little influence on coal seam roof.From the effect of field test, the antireflection effect of deep-hole pre-splitting blasting test has significantly improved the gas permeability of coal body, the concentration of gas extraction and the amount of gas extraction.The optimum extraction radius is 3 ~ 5 m, which indicates that it is an effective scheme to carry out deep-hole pre-splitting blasting in low-permeability coal seam.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TD712

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