LNG铁路罐式集装箱运输安全研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 22:37

本文选题：LNG + 罐式集装箱　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着生态经济的快速发展,对环境的保护力度要求也越来越高,液化天然气(简称LNG)作为一种环保、经济、安全的新型能源,具有非常显著的环境效益。发展LNG铁路运输将促进铁路增运增收,利用罐式集装箱进行液化气运输,可以充分发挥铁路专用线的优势和潜力,带动沿线地区的经济发展。本文对LNG罐式集装箱进行运输安全的研究,是对我国铁路罐式集装箱运输危险货物内容的补充,代表我国铁路发展又向前迈进一步,具有十分重要的现实意义。本文通过总结国内外铁路罐式集装箱运输安全相关研究,结合我国目前存在的问题出发,进行以下几个方面的研究:首先,对罐式集装箱铁路运输危险性因素及罐式集装箱满足的安全技术条件进行分析。主要包括罐式集装箱框架、罐体、安全附件等方面的要求;介质充装量的确定;温度对罐体保温层的影响等,为下文研究打下基础。然后,对罐式集装箱罐体温度场进行数值计算。分析罐式集装箱与周围环境之间的热传递,对原有温度模型进行改进,引入充装率大小、隔热层保温性能两个因素作为约束条件,建立温度影响模型。利用ANSYS软件,建立二维有限元模型,分析罐体外壁、隔热层及内壁之间的瞬态热传递情况,研究在变化的环境温度下保温层不同厚度、不同材料对温度场的影响。结果表明,保温层厚度越大,保温层材料导热系数越小,温度上升越慢,但是在实际设计中要考虑到罐体容积及制造成本的经济性问题。预测罐式集装箱罐体在高温运输环境下从外到内的温度变化规律,并且和试验数据进行对比,两者温度变化曲线相似,具有一定的参考价值,为罐式集装箱的保温和制冷设计提供相关数据。最后,在对罐体温度场模拟计算的基础上,考虑罐体内介质温度分层现象,研究环境温度、充装率两个因素对罐内压力和温度的影响,掌握其变化规律,为运输途中泄压做好措施。建立改进的传热模型,进行瞬态热分析。结果表明罐体内流体之间存在温度分层现象,主要分为气相区温度场、饱和液相区温度场和过冷液相区温度场,且气相区温度明显高于液相区温度,饱和液相区温度高于过冷液相区温度,在垂直方向存在明显的温度梯度。罐体内温度和压力随时间逐渐上升,充装率越小,罐内温度、压力上升速率越快,所用时间越短;任意充装率下,环境温度越高,压力上升越快。研究得知在不同季节、不同运输环境温度下都存在着一个最优的充装率,为真车实验提供依据。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of ecological economy, the demand for environmental protection is becoming higher and higher. As a new type of environmental protection, economic and safe new energy, LNG has very significant environmental benefits. The development of LNG railway transportation will promote the increase of transportation and income of the railway, and can make full use of the tank container for the transport of liquefied gas. The advantages and potential of the special railway line drive the economic development along the area along the line. The research on the transport safety of LNG container containers is a supplement to the contents of the dangerous goods for the transportation of the container container in China. It represents the development of China's railway and is further advanced, which is of ten important practical significance. The relevant research on the safety of the railway container container transportation, combining with the existing problems in our country, carries out the following research. First, the risk factors of the tank container railway transportation and the safety technical conditions of the container container are analyzed. The main factors include the tank container frame, the tank, the safety accessories and so on. The calculation of the temperature field of the tank container tank is calculated. The heat transfer between the tank container and the surrounding environment is analyzed, the original temperature model is improved, the size of the filling rate is introduced, and the heat insulation property of the heat insulation layer is introduced into two factors. As a constraint condition, the temperature influence model is established. By using ANSYS software, a two-dimensional finite element model is established to analyze the transient heat transfer between the outer wall of the tank, the heat insulation layer and the inner wall, and study the different thickness of the insulation layer and the effect of different materials on the temperature field at the changing ambient temperature. The results show that the thicker the insulation layer is, the insulation material is more thick. The smaller the thermal conductivity is, the slower the temperature rises, but in the actual design, the economic problem of volume and manufacturing cost should be taken into account. The temperature change law of tank container can be predicted from outside to inside in high temperature transportation environment, and compared with the test data, the temperature change curves of the two are similar and have a certain reference value. To provide relevant data for the heat preservation and refrigeration design of tank container. Finally, on the basis of the simulation calculation of the temperature field of the tank, the effects of two factors on the pressure and temperature in the tank are studied by considering the temperature stratification of the medium in the tank, and the changes in the pressure and temperature in the tank are studied. The results show that there is a temperature stratification between the fluid in the tank and the temperature field in the gas phase, the temperature field in the saturated liquid phase and the temperature field in the supercooled liquid region, and the temperature of the gas phase is obviously higher than that in the liquid region. The temperature of the saturated liquid phase region is higher than the temperature in the supercooled liquid zone. The temperature and pressure in the tank are increasing with time, the smaller the filling rate is, the faster the temperature and pressure in the tank, the shorter the time used, the higher the environment temperature and the faster the pressure rise under arbitrary charging rate. It is found that there is an optimal filling rate at different transportation environment temperatures in different seasons. Provide the basis.

【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U298.3

【参考文献】