基于信号遮蔽的高高原复杂地形下EOSID研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 15:49

本文选题：复杂地形 + 高高原　；参考：《中国民航大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：民航飞机在高高原地区机场运行时,为确保运营的安全性与经济性,通常需要进行起飞一发失效应急程序(EngineOut Standard Instrument Departure,EOSID)的研究与设计,高高原地区地形复杂,高大山体分布广泛,大气稀薄,飞机本身的空气动力性能和发动机性能都面临较为严峻的考验。当前在EOSID设计时,均未考虑导航台信号遮蔽因素,然而在高高原地区,飞机起飞一发失效后沿EOSID飞行时,必须能够有效接收导航台的导航信号,才能确保飞机精确沿EOSID路线飞行,从而规避高大障碍物,保证民航飞机在高高原机场的安全运行。基于此,本文将导航台信号遮蔽纳入EOSID主要研究因素,对高高原地形复杂机场EOSID进行了研究。本文首先研究了EOSID的设计规范、设计要素和设计思路,详细研究了飞机一发失效后继续起飞距离和起飞飞行航迹,给出了起飞距离地面段和空中段的算法,以及起飞飞行航迹三个关键参数爬升梯度、爬升率和加速因子的推导公式。介绍了EOSID越障评估规则、转弯方式的选择及决策点的确定方法。针对高高原机场复杂的地形特点,在进行障碍物评估时需要更加精确的确定起飞净轨迹的距离,其中平飞加速段净轨迹距离难以确定,本文对计算起飞一发失效后平飞加速段净轨迹距离的算法进行了研究,提出了基于质点力学模型平飞加速段净轨迹距离算法和基于BP神经网络平飞加速段净轨迹距离算法,并对两种算法结果精度进行了对比分析。本文在进行导航台信号遮蔽分析时,结合导航台电磁信号特点、地球曲率、大气折射等因素,建立了导航台信号遮蔽模型,提出了不同高度导航台信号遮蔽算法。在数字高程数据处理时,提出了基于格网DEM生成等高线的优化算法,解决了等高线生成过程中的二义性问题。并采用C#编程语言,调用ArcGIS Engine对ArcGIS进行二次开发,实现了导航台信号覆盖范围评估系统。本文最后以国内处于高高原复杂地形中的某机场为例,基于导航台信号遮蔽评估并结合其它设计因素进行了EOSID的研究设计,得到了较为完善的EOSID方案,并对该方案进行了验证,结果表明所设计的EOSID安全可行,具有良好的实用性。
[Abstract]:In order to ensure the safety and economy of the operation of the civil aviation aircraft in the airport in the high plateau area, it is usually necessary to carry out the research and design of engineer out Standard Instrument layout EOSID, which is widely distributed in the high plateau area. The aerodynamics and engine performance of the aircraft are all faced with a severe test because of the rarefaction of the atmosphere. At present, in the design of EOSID, none of the navigation station signals are taken into account. However, in the high plateau area, when an aircraft flies along EOSID after taking off, it must be able to receive the navigation signal of the navigation station effectively. Only in order to ensure the aircraft to fly along the EOSID route accurately, to avoid the tall obstacles, and to ensure the safe operation of the civil aviation aircraft in the high altitude airport. Based on this, the navigation station signal masking is incorporated into the main research factors of EOSID, and the high plateau terrain complex airport EOSID is studied. In this paper, the design specifications, design elements and design ideas of EOSID are studied, and the flight path and the take-off distance after the failure of the aircraft are studied in detail, and the algorithms of the ground and air segments of the take-off distance are given. The formulas of climbing gradient, climbing rate and acceleration factor of three key parameters of take-off flight path are derived. This paper introduces the rule of EOSID obstacle surmounting evaluation, the choice of turning mode and the method of determining decision point. In view of the complex terrain characteristics of high altitude airport, it is necessary to determine the distance of take-off net trajectory more accurately in the course of obstacle assessment, in which the distance of net trajectory in the acceleration section of flat flight is difficult to determine. In this paper, the algorithm of calculating the net trajectory distance of the acceleration segment of the flat flight after takeoff failure is studied, and the algorithm based on the particle mechanics model and the algorithm based on the BP neural network are proposed to calculate the net trajectory distance of the acceleration segment of the flat flight. The accuracy of the two algorithms is compared and analyzed. In this paper, the signal masking model of navigation station is established and the algorithm of signal masking for different altitude navigation stations is put forward by combining the characteristics of electromagnetic signals of navigation stations, earth curvature, atmosphere refraction and other factors in the analysis of navigation station signal masking. In the process of digital elevation data processing, an optimization algorithm based on grid DEM to generate contour lines is proposed, which solves the ambiguity problem in the process of generating contour lines. Using C # programming language, the second development of ArcGIS is carried out by calling ArcGIS Engine, and the signal coverage evaluation system of navigation station is realized. Finally, taking a domestic airport in the complex terrain of high plateau as an example, based on the evaluation of navigation station signal shadowing and combining with other design factors, the research and design of EOSID are carried out, and a more perfect EOSID scheme is obtained, and the scheme is verified. The results show that the designed EOSID is safe and feasible and has good practicability.
【学位授予单位】：中国民航大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：V328.3

【参考文献】