青藏高原山地灾害和气象灾害风险评估与减灾对策

发布时间：2018-04-26 18:18

本文选题：青藏高原 + 山地灾害　；参考：《科学通报》2015年32期

【摘要】：基于青藏高原与气候变化相关的地表自然灾害(滑坡、泥石流、山洪、干旱、雪灾)的孕灾和成灾特点,遴选出不同类型灾害的危险性评估指标,进行灾害危险性评估;依据对承灾体的危害程度和方式,分别针对山地灾害(滑坡、泥石流、山洪)和气象灾害(干旱和雪灾)进行区域易损性评估;对危险度和易损度评估值进行归一化处理,完成灾害综合风险评估.评估结果表明:高度风险区主要位于青藏高原西部和南部边缘地区,占20.55%,包括川西高原和藏东南;中度风险区主要位于青藏高原中南部、中西部以及东北部地区,占30.26%,包括西藏南部、青海北部以及四川西北部地区;低度风险区主要位于青藏高原中部地区,占37.64%,包括西藏中北部与青海西南部地区;微度风险区主要位于青藏高原北部与西北部,占11.55%,包括西藏北部与新疆南部地区.最后,分析了当前防灾减灾存在的问题,并提出相应的减灾对策.
[Abstract]:Based on the characteristics of surface natural disasters (landslide, debris flow, mountain torrents, drought, snow disaster) related to climate change in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the risk assessment indexes of different types of disasters are selected, and the hazard risk assessment is carried out. According to the hazard degree and mode of disaster bearing body, the regional vulnerability assessment of mountain disaster (landslide, debris flow, mountain flood) and meteorological disaster (drought and snow disaster) is carried out, and the assessment value of risk and vulnerability is normalized, Complete comprehensive disaster risk assessment. The results show that the high risk areas are mainly located in the western and southern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, accounting for 20.55 percent, including the western Sichuan Plateau and the southeast of Tibet, while the moderate risk areas are mainly located in the central and southern parts of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the central and western regions, and the northeast of the Tibetan Plateau. The low risk areas are mainly located in the central part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, accounting for 37.64%, including central Tibet and southwest Qinghai, and the lower risk areas are mainly located in the central part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, accounting for 37.64%, including the central and northern parts of Tibet and the southwest of Qinghai. The Weido risk area is mainly located in the north and northwest of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, accounting for 11.55, including the northern part of Tibet and the southern region of Xinjiang. Finally, the existing problems of disaster prevention and mitigation are analyzed, and the corresponding countermeasures are put forward.
【作者单位】：中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室
【基金】：国家自然科学基金重大项目(41190084)和国家自然科学基金国际合作重点项目(41520104002)资助
【分类号】：X43

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