高速铁路运行控制用地震动参数及单台地震预警技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 04:18

本文选题：高速铁路 + 地震防灾　；参考：《中国地震局工程力学研究所》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：地震预警是近年来发展起来的防震减灾的有效手段之一。中国是一个地震多发国家，同时地震也是一种发生概率较小但对铁路行车安全危害极大的自然灾害，随着我国铁路实施了六次大提速和开行高速列车，列车运行速度和列车密度的不断提高，较小震级的地震对路基、轨道、桥梁等的冲击都可能导致危害旅客生命安全的重大事故。在这种形势下，地震时如果能在破坏性地震动到来前提早哪怕是短短的几十秒甚至几秒对高速铁路实施报警和紧急处置，将大大降低旅客生命财产损失的发生概率，因此对中国高速铁路来说迫切需要建设地震预警系统。本文详细分析了技术研究和实践经历都相对成熟的日本新干线地震监测及预警系统的发展历程、运行控制用地震动参数以及地震预警关键技术研究现状，以日本新干线地震防灾系统相关关键技术为基础，并以强震动观测数据为依据，针对中国高速铁路地震地震预警系统亟待解决的关键技术问题，主要围绕高速铁路运行控制用地震动参数选取及其标准值确定、高速铁路单台地震预警中震源参数快速确定方法两方面内容作了相关研究，研究内容概述如下：（1）在日本新干线警报地震计带通滤波器的基础上，提出了设计原理更明确、设计方法更简单、并能用于中国高速铁路地震动阈值报警的带通滤波器，给出了该数字带通滤波器的设计方法及递归方程；（2）利用日本K-net强震观测数据和中国CSMNC强震观测数据，统计建立了日本气象厅计测震度I jma、仪器烈度标准I s、加速度峰值、谱烈度SI、阿里亚斯烈度I a、累积绝对速度CAV以及累积能量变化率DE等地震动参数间的关系，分析了各地震动参数间的线性相关性。利用日本东北新干线在三次大地震中高架桥破坏分布的资料以及东北新干线沿线K-net台站和KiK-net台站强震动观测数据，得到了各地震动参数在实际地震破坏中的下限值，给出了各地震动参数与结构破坏变化及结构破坏分布的关系；（3）依据各地震动参数间的统计关系，转换得到了与加速度峰值阈值（地震时警报值：40gal，地震后限速值：80gal，地震后停车值：120gal）相对应的其它地震动参数阈值，通过地震时警报值的误报漏报分析和时效性分析、震后限速值和停车值的合理性分析，结合统计关系中各地震动参数间的相关性以及各地震动参数与新干线高架桥柱破坏变化和破坏分布的关系，提出了中国高速铁路运行控制用地震动参数的阈值建议值。研究了竖向分量地震动参数用于运行控制的可行性，提出了相应的警报阈值建议值；（4）在日本单台利用P波初始阶段幅值增长率估算震中距B-Δ方法的基础上，通过研究B-Δ方法的理论形式，利用中国CSMNC强震观测数据，验证了通过线性拟合P波初始阶段幅值包络确定震中距的C-Δ方法，该方法可以在P波触发后0.5秒就可以得到理想的震中距估算结果，并明确了该方法在高频条件能得到更优的震中距确定结果。此外，针对该方法在实时应用中的缺陷，提出了利用阿里亚斯烈度P波初始阶段幅值增长率估算震中距的A-Δ方法，不同估算时间窗的计算结果表明，该方法可以在P波触发后0.7秒给出稳定的震中距估算结果，P波触发后1.0秒得到最佳的震中距估算结果，，且有着优异的实时应用前景；（5）建立了基于中国CSMNC强震观测数据的地震预警系统中常用的p max、 c以及Pd这三种地震波特征参数与震级的比例关系，误差分析结果表明Pd得到的震级估算结果最优。分析了全波段各地震动参数与震级的比例关系，结果显示全波段平方速度IV2得到的估算震级与实际震级最符合1:1的线性比例关系，且在不同震级范围的误差都较小，建立了P波段平方速度IV2p与全波段平方速度IV2的比例关系，并且通过P波段平方速度IV2p与全波段平方速度IV2的比例关系解释了现有地震预警震级估算方法在大震级处低估震级的原因，进而提出了一种利用平方速度IV2连续估算震级的方法，该方法可以P波触发后5秒获得最佳的震级估算结果。
[Abstract]:Earthquake early warning is one of the effective means of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction developed in recent years. China is an earthquake prone country. At the same time, earthquake is also a natural disaster which has a small occurrence probability but is very harmful to railway traffic safety. With the implementation of six high speed and high speed trains, the speed of train operation and train density have been implemented with the railway in our country. The impact of small earthquake magnitude earthquakes on subgrade, track, bridge, etc. may lead to major accidents that will harm the safety of passengers. In this situation, if the earthquake can be in a short period of dozens of seconds or even a few seconds before the arrival of the destructive earthquake, it will greatly reduce the alarm and emergency disposal of the high speed railway. The occurrence probability of loss of life and property of passengers is an urgent need for building an earthquake early warning system for China's high-speed railways.
In this paper, the development course of the earthquake monitoring and early warning system of the Shinkansen, Japan's Shinkansen system, which is relatively mature in technical research and practice, is analyzed in detail. The research status of the parameters of ground motion and the key technologies of earthquake early warning are studied, based on the key technologies related to the earthquake prevention system of the Shinkansen, Japan, and based on the observation data of strong vibration. In view of the key technical problems to be solved urgently in the earthquake earthquake early warning system of high speed railway in China, it mainly focuses on the selection of ground motion parameters and the standard value determination of high speed railway operation control, and the research on two aspects of the rapid determination of seismic source parameters in the earthquake early warning of high speed railway. The contents of the research are summarized as follows:
(1) on the basis of the Japanese Shinkansen warning seismometer bandpass filter, the design principle is more clear, the design method is more simple, and the bandpass filter can be used to alarm the ground motion threshold of the high speed railway in China, and the design method and recurrence equation of the digital bandpass filter are given.
(2) using the Japanese K-net strong earthquake observation data and the CSMNC strong earthquake observation data in China, the relation between the seismological parameter I JMA, the standard I s, the peak acceleration, the spectral intensity SI, the Arias intensity I a, the cumulative absolute velocity CAV and the cumulative energy change rate DE and so on, is statistically established. By using the data of the destruction distribution of the viaduct of the Northeast Shinkansen of Japan in the three great earthquake and the strong vibration observation data of the K-net station and KiK-net station along the Northeast Shinkansen line, the lower limit of the vibration parameters in the actual earthquake damage is obtained, and the damage changes and structures of the vibration parameters and structures in various parts of the country are given. Destroy the relationship of distribution;
(3) according to the statistical relationship between the vibration parameters of various places, the threshold value of other ground motion parameters corresponding to the peak threshold value of the acceleration (40gal, the speed limit after the earthquake: 80gal, the parking value after the earthquake: 120gal), the false report analysis and the timeliness analysis by the false alarm value of the earthquake, the speed limit value and the parking value after the earthquake are obtained. On the basis of the analysis of the reasonableness of the seismic parameters in the statistical relationship and the relationship between the vibration parameters and the failure and damage distribution of the elevated bridge columns in the main line, the threshold value of the ground motion parameters for the operation and control of the high speed railway in China is proposed. The feasibility of the ground motion parameters of the vertical component is studied. The proposed value of the corresponding warning threshold is proposed.
(4) on the basis of estimating the epicentral distance B- delta method by using the initial stage amplitude increase rate of the P wave in Japan, by studying the theoretical form of the B- delta method and using the observational data of the strong earthquake in China, the C- delta method to determine the epicentral distance through the amplitude envelope of the initial phase of the P wave is verified. This method can be 0.5 seconds after the P wave is triggered. The ideal epicentral distance estimation results are obtained, and it is clear that the method can obtain better epicentral distance from the high frequency condition. In addition, in view of the defect in the real time application, the method of estimating the epicentral distance using the initial stage amplitude growth rate of the Arias intensity P wave is proposed, and the calculation results of different estimated time windows are shown. The method can estimate the stable epicentral distance in 0.7 seconds after the P wave is triggered, and get the best epicentral distance estimated by 1 seconds after the trigger of P wave, and it has excellent real time application prospect.
(5) the proportion relationship between the three seismic wave characteristic parameters and the magnitude of seismic waves commonly used in the earthquake early warning system based on the CSMNC strong earthquake observation data in China is established. The error analysis results show that the magnitude estimation results obtained by Pd are optimal. The ratio relation between the vibration parameters and the magnitude of the whole band is analyzed, and the result shows the square of the whole band square. The estimated magnitude and actual magnitude obtained by velocity IV2 are most in line with the linear proportion of 1:1, and the error in different magnitude ranges is smaller. A proportional relationship between the square velocity IV2p of the P band and the square velocity IV2 of the whole band is established, and the existing earthquake precondition is explained by the proportional relation between the square velocity IV2p of the P band and the flat square velocity IV2 of the whole band. The method of estimating the magnitude of the alarm magnitude underestimates the magnitude of the magnitude at the large magnitude, and then a method of continuous estimation of the magnitude by using the square velocity of IV2 is proposed. This method can obtain the best magnitude estimation results after 5 seconds of P wave triggering.

【学位授予单位】：中国地震局工程力学研究所
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U298;P315.9

【参考文献】