新的系统思维框架下人群疏散仿真研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 19:19

本文选题：系统思维 + 堆体实验　；参考：《西南科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：人群疏散过程是复杂的非线性物理过程,故常规还原论方法很难从本质上对疏散进行解释,为此本文引用系统思维概念,将室内公共场所中人群应急疏散过程视为复杂系统的演化过程,从普适性因素角度,辨识疏散系统影响因素。同时建立改进元胞自动机模型,通过抓住疏散系统输入和输出关系变化这一主线,仿真研究不同因素对疏散系统演化趋势影响。本文主要工作如下:1、确定了复杂系统是输入、边界和结构三大类普适性因素综合影响下不断演化,且系统演化研究应以输入和输出关系变化为主线的新的系统思维方法。后通过堆体实验,对系统思维方法进行了验证,同时通过疏散特征进行分析,发现系统思维指导下的疏散仿真研究是可行的。2、疏散仿真模型构建。行人路径选取策略层面,除依据经典元胞自动机模型中动、静态场强,也考虑了受区域人群密度影响的近邻作用影响;行人行动能力层面则通过摩擦、排斥力反映。3、输入包含物质、能量及信息三类因素,物质输入中行人亦是多种复杂输入子因素的综合体,发现疏散时间随人群密度增加而提升。4、边界包含疏散空间轮廓、出口等因素,发现随出口宽度增加疏散系统演化速率不断提升,但出口宽度对演化速率影响程度不断降低;出口设置越趋于均衡,越有利于加速疏散系统演化。5、结构涵括人群结构及空间结构等因素,发现弱势群体比例提升显著延缓总体疏散完成时间;出口区存在垂直于出口平面障碍物有助于行人逃逸,而若平行出口平面的障碍物较长则将延缓总体疏散速率。6、建立目标可变疏散模型,以反映感知范围受限下人群疏散,发现随着感知距离提升或环境熟悉度提升,疏散系统演化完成所需时间皆会降低,但降低速率成下降趋势。
[Abstract]:The evacuation process is a complex nonlinear physical process, so it is difficult to explain the evacuation in essence by conventional reductionism. Therefore, the concept of systematic thinking is used in this paper. The emergency evacuation process of crowd in indoor public places is regarded as the evolution process of complex system, and the influencing factors of evacuation system are identified from the point of view of universality factor. At the same time, an improved cellular automaton model is established. By grasping the main line of the relationship between the input and output of the evacuation system, the influence of different factors on the evolution trend of the evacuation system is simulated. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1. It is determined that the complex system is a new thinking method under the influence of input, boundary and structure, and the study of system evolution should take the change of input and output as the main line. After that, the system thinking method is verified through the reactor experiments, and the evacuation characteristics are analyzed. It is found that the evacuation simulation research under the guidance of the system thinking is feasible, and the evacuation simulation model is constructed. According to the dynamic and static field strength of the classical cellular automata model, the pedestrian path selection strategy also takes into account the influence of the nearest neighbor action affected by the regional population density, while the pedestrian mobility level is affected by friction. The repulsive force reflects. 3, the input contains three kinds of factors: matter, energy and information. The person in the material input is also a complex of many complex input subfactors. It is found that the evacuation time increases with the increase of crowd density, and the boundary contains the outline of evacuation space. It is found that the evolution rate of the evacuation system increases with the increase of the exit width, but the influence of the exit width on the evolution rate decreases. The more favorable to accelerate the evolution of evacuation system. The structure includes crowd structure and spatial structure, it was found that the proportion of vulnerable groups significantly delayed the overall evacuation completion time, and the existence of obstacles perpendicular to the exit plane was helpful for pedestrian escape. If the obstacle in parallel exit plane is longer, it will delay the total evacuation rate. 6, establish the target variable evacuation model to reflect the crowd evacuation under the limited perceptual range, and find that with the increase of perceived distance or environmental familiarity, The time required to complete the evolution of the evacuation system will decrease, but the decreasing rate will decrease.
【学位授予单位】：西南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X913

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