储罐区燃爆事故原因分析及事故反演

发布时间：2018-05-04 00:39

本文选题：储罐区 + 燃爆事故　；参考：《大连理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：石油化工行业燃烧爆炸事故后,寻找事故成因是除了救援之外的首要任务。本文以某厂某罐区发生的一起重大的储罐燃爆事故为例,详细研究了事故发生的原因以及事故形貌,分析了事故储罐的强度和失效形式,最终对整个事故过程进行了反演。本文的主要内容及结论如下： (1)对事故过程及事故后的储罐形貌进行了系统的描述,分析了引起事故的两个可能的原因,确定了事故调查的方向 (2)设计了泡沫发生器玻璃板爆破实验方案及装置。实验发现,泡沫发生器玻璃板爆破压力远高于气体燃爆所能达到的压力。储罐顶部发生燃爆时,压力波无法使玻璃板破裂,因此泡沫发生器不是回火原因。 (3)设计了量油孔接触面的孔隙火焰传播验证实验方案及装置。研究发现,火焰能够通过量油孔接触面传播。因此,量油孔接触面是储罐顶部燃爆火焰回火的通道。同时,量油孔接触面也是可燃介质泄漏的通道。 (4)利用数值模拟软件Fluent模拟了甲苯通过量油孔后形成的可燃气云范围。模拟发现,甲苯通过2mm泄漏通道时,在泄漏速度的影响下向水平方向运动,同时在重力的作用下向下运动。甲苯扩散达到稳定状态时的可燃范围为1.5m,高度方向上最大距离为2m。随着泄漏时介质压力的增大,甲苯的可爆区域的形状也发生变化,水平方向的可爆区域明显增大。 (5)对事故储罐B的破坏压力及失稳压力进行了计算,结果表明破坏压力为4037Pa,失稳压力为2241Pa。储罐超压后强度失效的形式主要有两种：一是在拱顶部位裂开,二是在罐底底板部位裂开。储罐因燃爆超压而破裂后,极易发生失稳。 (6)依据上述研究结果对罐区燃爆事故过程进行了反演。
[Abstract]:After the combustion explosion accident in petrochemical industry, finding the cause of the accident is the most important task besides rescue. In this paper, a major tank explosion accident in a certain factory is taken as an example, the cause and appearance of the accident are studied in detail, the strength and failure form of the tank are analyzed, and the whole process of the accident is inversed. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1) A systematic description of the accident process and the shape of the storage tank after the accident is given, two possible causes of the accident are analyzed, and the direction of the accident investigation is determined. The experiment scheme and device of glass plate blasting for foam generator are designed. It is found that the explosion pressure of glass plate of foam generator is much higher than that of gas explosion. When the top of the tank explodes, the pressure wave can not make the glass plate burst, so the foam generator is not the reason of tempering. (3) an experimental scheme and device for the verification of pore flame propagation on the oil hole contact surface is designed. It is found that the flame can pass through the contact surface of the oil hole. Therefore, the oil hole contact surface is the channel for flame tempering at the top of the tank. At the same time, the oil hole contact surface is also the channel of flammable medium leakage. A numerical simulation software Fluent was used to simulate the range of gas cloud formed after the oil hole of toluene flux. It is found that toluene moves horizontally under the influence of leakage velocity and downward under the influence of gravity when it passes through the 2mm leakage channel. The combustible range of toluene is 1.5 m and the maximum distance is 2 m in the direction of height. With the increase of the medium pressure, the shape of the flameable region of toluene also changes, and the flameable region in the horizontal direction increases obviously. The failure pressure and instability pressure of the tank B are calculated. The results show that the failure pressure is 4037 Paand the unstable pressure is 2241 Pa. There are two main forms of strength failure of storage tank after overpressure: one is in the vault and the other is in the bottom of the tank. It is easy to lose stability after the tank burst because of explosion overpressure. Based on the above results, the process of explosion accident in tank area is inversed.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TE687

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