深部开采复合高位巷优化布置及次生灾害分析

发布时间：2018-05-08 10:59

本文选题：复合高位巷 + 优化布置　；参考：《中国矿业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：瓦斯灾害严重制约了矿井安全生产，并且随着开采深度增加，灾害程度越演越烈。对于深部高瓦斯、高地应力、高突出危险性及低透气性首采煤层的瓦斯治理，成为深部矿井的研究热点。另外当前我国经济下行压力增大，实现瓦斯治理工程的高效利用，，也是矿井节能增效的重要途径。复合高位巷技术是在常规走向高抽巷的基础上，通过对高位巷优化布置及次生灾害的有效控制，实现高位巷“一巷两用”：前期准备阶段，掩护突出煤层煤巷掘进；后期回采阶段，治理采空区及邻近层瓦斯。作为一种新型复合技术，复合高位巷技术实现了一措并举，是对深部矿井瓦斯治理和节能增效的有益尝试。本文以平煤四矿三水平己15-31040首采面为研究背景，采用理论分析、物理模拟、数值分析及工业应用等方法，针对复合高位巷层位、内错间距、采空区瓦斯治理效能及次生灾害发生特点展开，主要取得以下成果：首先，分析了采场裂隙形成及瓦斯运移规律，得出：采场裂隙分为离层裂隙和贯穿裂隙，分别为瓦斯提供积聚空间和运移通道；覆岩内瓦斯存在介质渗流和浮升扩散两种运移方式，采空区回风侧离层区是高位抽采工程最佳施工地点。其次，通过相似实验和FLAC3D数值模拟对复合高位巷合理布置进行优化，得出：该工作面每推进21m，顶板发生一次周期来压，高位巷结构失稳与顶板破坏同步发生；根据统计计算、顶板下沉量、裂隙发育状态，结合顶板岩性，确定高位巷位于己15煤顶板16m，细粒砂岩下部，巷道顶部沿砂质泥岩顶板掘进；高位巷掩护煤巷同步掘进中，水平应力集中是造成巷道破坏的主要原因，通过对高位巷与煤巷内错0m、5m、10m、20m间距下水平应力、顶板下沉等数据的分析，确定高位巷与煤巷同步掘进合理内错间距20m。最后，建立U+I和U型CFD模型研究复合高位巷瓦斯治理效果和次生灾害发生特点，得出：高位抽采下，采空区近底板附近出现瓦斯降低区，瓦斯带状分布出现上移现象；回风侧瓦斯浓度下降42%，高位巷对上隅角瓦斯具有明显治理效果。氧气沿倾向分布均匀；采空区散热带和氧化带沿走向出现明显加宽后移，其中机巷侧氧化带后移35m，宽度增加29.2%，加宽后移最为严重。复合高位巷在治理瓦斯的同时也加剧了诸如采空区自燃、爆炸等次生灾害的发生，加快工作面推进速度是预防采空区次生灾害发生的重要措施，为保证正常生产，工作面推进速度需提高27.8%左右。当工作面推进速度提高受限时，应加强采空区管理并采取相应的次生灾害治理措施。
[Abstract]:Gas disaster seriously restricts mine safety production, and with the increase of mining depth, the disaster degree becomes more and more severe. For deep high gas, high ground stress, high outburst risk and low permeability of the first coal seam gas treatment, become a deep mine research hotspot. In addition, it is also an important way to save energy and increase efficiency by increasing the downward pressure of economy in our country and realizing the efficient utilization of gas control project. The technology of compound high level roadway is based on the conventional high drawing roadway, through the optimization arrangement of high level roadway and the effective control of secondary disaster, the "one roadway dual purpose" of high level roadway can be realized: in the early preparation stage, the coal roadway driving with outburst coal seam can be covered; In the later stage of mining, gas in goaf and adjacent strata will be controlled. As a new type of compound technology, the technology of compound high level roadway has realized the same measures, which is a beneficial attempt to control gas in deep mine and to save energy and increase efficiency. In this paper, based on the research background of 15-31040 first mining face of No. 3 level in the fourth coal mine, theoretical analysis, physical simulation, numerical analysis and industrial application are adopted, aiming at the interfault spacing of compound high roadway. The efficiency of gas control and the characteristics of secondary disasters in goaf are carried out. The main achievements are as follows: First of all, the formation of stope fissure and the law of gas migration are analyzed. It is concluded that the stope fissure can be divided into two categories: the separated layer fissure and the penetrating fissure, which provide gas accumulation space and migration channel respectively; There are two migration modes of gas in overburden rock: medium seepage and floatation diffusion. Secondly, through similar experiment and FLAC3D numerical simulation to optimize the reasonable arrangement of compound high roadway, it is concluded that every 21 m advance of this face, the roof comes under periodic pressure, and the instability of the structure of the high roadway and the roof failure occur synchronously; according to the statistical calculation, Roof subsidence, crack development state, combined with roof lithology, it is determined that the high roadway is located at 16m of coal roof, the bottom of fine-grained sandstone, the top of roadway is driven along sand mudstone roof, and the high roadway covers coal roadway at the same time. Horizontal stress concentration is the main cause of roadway failure. By analyzing the data of horizontal stress and roof subsidence at the distance of 0 mmm ~ 5 m ~ 10 m ~ (20 m) between high and high roadway and coal roadway, it is determined that the reasonable internal dislocation distance is 20 m for simultaneous driving of high level roadway and coal roadway. Finally, the U I and U type CFD models are established to study the effect of gas treatment and the characteristics of secondary disasters in compound high level roadway. It is concluded that under high mining, there is a gas reduction area near the floor of goaf, and the distribution of gas belt appears upward; The gas concentration at the return air side is reduced by 42, and the gas in the upper corner of the high lane has obvious control effect. The oxygen distribution is uniform along the tendency, and the radiating zone and oxidation zone in goaf are obviously widened and moved backward along the strike, in which the oxidation zone in the side of the roadway moves back 35 m, the width increases 29.2 m, and the widening backward shift is the most serious. The compound high level roadway also intensifies the occurrence of secondary disasters such as spontaneous combustion and explosion in goaf while controlling gas. Speeding up the speed of working face advance is an important measure to prevent secondary disaster in goaf, in order to ensure normal production, The speed of working face advance needs to be increased by about 27.8%. The goaf management should be strengthened and the corresponding secondary disaster control measures should be taken when the speed of working face is limited.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TD712

【参考文献】