国家与地方海上污染事故应急机制的整合分析与建议研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 22:40

本文选题：海上污染事故应急机制 + SWOT分析　；参考：《大连海事大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,海上污染事故频繁发生,对生态环境、人体健康、经济发展和海洋资源所造成的巨大威胁和损害,引起了全世界的广泛关注。海上污染事故一旦发生,需要调配各方资源实施应急处置,尽快控制事态发展,以尽量减少其带来的损失,保护海洋环境,保障海洋经济效益。目前我国沿海发生海上污染事故的风险不断增加。近年来,随着我国石油化工业和航运业的发展,航行于我国海域的石油、化学品船舶逐年增加,我国通航水域越加繁忙,与之相伴的船舶损害事故也逐年增加,发生海上船舶石油、化学品等污染事故的风险在不断增大。另外,为满足石油及制品大量海上运输的需求,近年来中国沿海新建了多个30万吨级及以上的油码头,并在大型油码头周边建设了包括国家战略石油储备基地在内的石油储库,这些石油储库一旦泄露,将导致大量原油泄漏入海,引发严重的海洋环境污染和经济损失。必须采取有效的防治措施降低海上污染事故风险和影响,同时对海上污染事故的应急工作也亟待加强。因此,研究分析国家与地方海上污染事故应急工作机制整合面临的情况,提出应该采取的措施,具有重要现实意义。本文以国家与地方海上污染事故应急机制整合为研究对象,根据《1990年国际油污防备、反应和合作公约》的有关要求,利用基于层次分析法的SWOT分析模型,对国家与地方海上污染事故应急机制整合存在的优势、不足以及面临的机会和挑战,进行了定性和定量分析,并通过构造判断矩阵和进行权重比较给出了整合应选择的实施战略,即开拓型战略(SO战略)。本文根据分析情况,借鉴发达国家比较完善有效的海上污染事故应急机制,结合我国实际情况,提出了整合国家与地方海上污染事故应急机制的建议。本文主要内容包括：论文的研究背景和意义,相关公约、法规的主要内容和要求,国内外重大海上污染事故应急管理工作的开展状况,整合国家与地方海上污染事故应急机制的SWOT分析和建议研究等。
[Abstract]:In recent years, marine pollution accidents occur frequently, causing great threat and damage to ecological environment, human health, economic development and marine resources. Once the marine pollution accident occurs, it is necessary to allocate all kinds of resources to carry out emergency treatment, to control the situation as soon as possible, to minimize the losses caused by the accident, to protect the marine environment and to ensure the economic benefits of the sea. At present, the risk of marine pollution accidents along the coast of China is increasing. In recent years, with the development of petrochemical industry and shipping industry in our country, the number of oil and chemical vessels sailing in the sea area of our country is increasing year by year, the navigable waters of our country are getting busier and busier, and the damage accidents associated with them are also increasing year by year. The risk of pollution accidents such as oil and chemicals from ships on the sea is increasing. In addition, in order to meet the demand for large quantities of oil and products transported by sea, in recent years, several oil terminals of 300,000 tons or more have been built off the coast of China, and oil storage tanks, including the national strategic oil reserve base, have been built around large oil terminals. Once these oil reservoirs are leaked, a large amount of crude oil will leak into the sea, causing serious marine environmental pollution and economic losses. Effective preventive measures must be taken to reduce the risk and impact of marine pollution accidents, and the emergency work of marine pollution accidents should be strengthened. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study and analyze the situation faced by the integration of national and local emergency mechanisms of marine pollution accidents and put forward the measures to be taken. According to the requirements of the 1990 International Convention on Oil pollution Preparedness, response and Cooperation, this paper takes the integration of national and local marine pollution accident emergency mechanisms as the research object, and uses the SWOT analytical model based on the Analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and challenges of the integration of national and local marine pollution accident emergency mechanisms are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. By constructing the judgment matrix and comparing the weights, this paper gives the implementation strategy that should be selected for integration, that is, the pioneering strategy and the so strategy. Based on the analysis of the situation, the paper draws lessons from the more perfect and effective emergency mechanism of marine pollution accidents in developed countries, and puts forward some suggestions for integrating the national and local emergency mechanisms of marine pollution accidents in combination with the actual situation in our country. The main contents of this paper include: the research background and significance of the paper, the relevant conventions, the main contents and requirements of laws and regulations, the status of emergency management of major marine pollution accidents at home and abroad, Integrate the SWOT analysis and suggestion research of national and local marine pollution accident emergency mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U698.7

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