地下立体车库火灾灭火效能评估及防控技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 01:24

本文选题：安全工程 + 地下立体车库　；参考：《华南理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：地下立体车库具有停车密度大、封闭性高、火灾蔓延迅速、扑救难度大等特点,其主要火灾危险源是汽车,研究地下立体车库火灾行为特性对预防和控制地下立体车库火灾具有十分重要的意义。论文以位于城市中心住宅区的某地下立体车库为研究对象,在现场调研的基础上,采用实验研究、理论分析、数值模拟相结合的方法,开展地下立体车库火灾灭火效能评估及防控技术研究,取得主要成果如下:(1)通过汽车可燃物燃烧实验,从火灾充分发展阶段持续时间、火焰高度峰值及火焰温度峰值三方面分析汽车常见起火部位的火灾危险性。结果表明其火灾危险性大小排序为:油箱下方的轮胎油箱(油箱敞开)驾驶舱(海绵座椅),为火源功率分析提供基础参考数据。(2)利用点火源热辐射模型分析计算了地下立体车库火灾由起火汽车向周围汽车蔓延的时间,把获得的计算结果与Pyro Sim数值模拟方法获得的结果进行比较分析。结果表明两种方法均可预测起火汽车向周围汽车蔓延的时间;数值模拟方法获得的结果更为保守,且可以详细分析火场各区域内热辐射量变化情况;而计算公式分析过程较为简单,仅适用于下层停车位起火的情况,对上层停车位起火的情况不适用。(3)利用马尔科夫链平稳转移概率模型分析了地下立体车库火灾由起火汽车向周围汽车蔓延的过程。结果表明马尔科夫链平稳转移概率模型能够较好地描述起火汽车向周围汽车蔓延的过程;若无灭火措施,起火汽车向周围汽车蔓延的概率会随时间而增大。(4)根据实地调研,借助Pyro Sim软件建立某地下立体车库多场景火灾模型,评估自动喷水系统及通风排烟系统火灾控制作用。模拟结果表明:自动喷水系统对控制封闭空间内汽车火灾发展、保护结构稳定性均起到关键作用;而传统的固定管道通风排烟系统,对控制火灾蔓延及保护结构稳定性均无显著作用。(5)从建筑结构、消防设施、安全管理三大方面提出地下立体车库火灾防控对策。包括车库类型、结构耐火等级及防火分隔等建筑结构的设计;火灾自动报警系统、喷淋系统及通风排烟系统等消防设施的选择和布置;车库电气用电安全、应急响应系统等方面的安全管理,为地下立体车库的消防安全规划及管理提供一定参考。
[Abstract]:Underground three-dimensional garage has the characteristics of high parking density, high closure, rapid spread of fire, difficulty in fighting and so on. The main fire hazard of underground garage is automobile. It is very important to study the behavior of underground garage fire to prevent and control the underground garage fire. Based on the field investigation, the paper takes the underground parking garage in the central residential area of the city as the research object, and adopts the method of combining experimental research, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Research on fire extinguishing efficiency evaluation and prevention and control technology of underground three-dimensional garage is carried out. The main results are as follows: 1) through the combustion experiment of automobile combustible, the duration of the fire from the full development stage of the fire is achieved. The fire hazard of common fire area of automobile is analyzed from three aspects: flame height peak and flame temperature peak. The results show that the order of fire risk is as follows: under the fuel tank, the tyre fuel tank (open tank) cockpit (sponge seat, providing basic reference data for power analysis of fire source. The time when the fire in the underground three-dimensional garage spread from the burning car to the surrounding car, The calculated results are compared with those obtained by Pyro Sim numerical simulation method. The results show that the two methods can predict the time of the fire vehicle spreading to the surrounding vehicle, and the numerical simulation results are more conservative, and the variation of heat radiation in each region can be analyzed in detail. The calculation formula is simple and can only be used in the case of fire in the lower parking space. The Markov chain stationary transfer probability model is used to analyze the process of the fire spreading from the fire car to the surrounding car in the underground parking garage. The results show that the Markov chain stationary transfer probability model can describe the process of the fire vehicle spreading to the surrounding car, and if there is no fire extinguishing measure, the probability of the fire car spreading to the surrounding car will increase with time. The multi-scene fire model of an underground garage was established by using Pyro Sim software to evaluate the fire control effect of automatic water spraying system and ventilation and smoke exhaust system. The simulation results show that the automatic water spraying system plays a key role in controlling the development of automobile fire in closed space and protecting the stability of the structure, while the traditional fixed pipe ventilation and smoke exhaust system, It has no significant effect on controlling fire spread and protecting structure stability. (5) the fire prevention and control countermeasures of underground stereoscopic garage are put forward from three aspects: building structure, fire protection facilities and safety management. It includes the design of building structure such as the type of garage, the fire resistance grade of the structure and the fire proof separation, the selection and arrangement of fire fighting facilities such as automatic fire alarm system, sprinkler system and ventilation and smoke exhaust system, and the safety of electric power in the garage, Emergency response system and other aspects of safety management, for underground three-dimensional garage fire safety planning and management to provide some reference.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U492.83;TU967

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