液体危化品储运码头高危作业风险分级研究

发布时间：2018-05-22 10:03

本文选题：液体危化品码头 + 日常高危作业　；参考：《中国地质大学（北京）》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：综观安全科学的发展历史，危险化学品安全始终是推动安全科学发展的强大动力。意大利塞维索（Seveso）事故、印度博帕尔泄漏事故、埃克森海上石油泄漏事故……无数惨痛的教训让我们不断反省，并逐渐在迈向本质安全的道路上逐步前进。随着我国相关领域对化学品原料及产品的需求的不断增加，作为危化品运输的主力军，水路危险化学品储运逐渐成为掌控我国经济和贸易发展的命脉。然而，化学品都具有一定的危险性，尤其是液体化学品，其挥发性、流动性与渗漏性，更容易成为导致火灾、爆炸、中毒等事故的直接原因。码头作业是水上化学品储运的重要环节，以往的经验告诉我们，事故往往发生在作业过程中，由于作业对象的危险性，这些作业均可视为高危作业。如何合理地运用有限资源有效地避免此类高危作业事故的发生，不但是液体危险化学品码头企业亟待解决的问题，同样是政府部门监督、管控所关注的重要课题。本文以液体危险化学品码头高危作业为对象，在相关资料收集，企业实地调研的基础上，进行深入、系统的探索和研究，提出了液体危险化学品码头日常高危作业与特种高危作业两类高危作业的风险分级方法，并对提出和研究过程进行了详细的描述，具体工作内容如下：（1）通过对国内外码头危险化学品储运安全及危险分级研究现状的收集和整理，针对目前的相关研究存在的不足，分析了液体危险化学品储运码头高危作业的特点及风险因素，并选取了液体危险化学品储运码头最常见的八大类日常高危作业与八大类特种高危作业为研究对象。（2）在风险函数的基础上通过借鉴作业过程风险分析法，建立了日常高危作业风险分级模型。采用了德尔菲法（Delphi）确定风险分级指标，并结合云模型对各指标权重进行优化确定，以减小专家主观因素影响，增加方法科学性。（3）对国内规范较为完善的特种高危作业，提出了“特种高危作业风险指数”反映其作业风险的大小，并参照国家相关规范对各指标及标准进行设定，构建特种高危作业风险分级方法。（4）分别将上述两类高危作业风险分级方法在长江某液体危险化学品码头储运企业当中进行实证研究，体现较强的实用性。
[Abstract]:In view of the development history of safety science, hazardous chemical safety has always been a powerful driving force to promote the development of safety science. The Seveso accident in Seveso, Italy, the Bhopal spill in India and the Exxon oil spill at sea. Countless painful lessons let us continue to reflect, and gradually on the road to essential safety. With the increasing demand for chemical raw materials and products in related fields of our country, as the main force of dangerous chemicals transportation, the storage and transportation of dangerous chemicals by waterway has gradually become the lifeline of controlling the development of economy and trade in China. However, chemicals are dangerous, especially liquid chemicals, their volatility, fluidity and leakage are more likely to be the direct cause of fire, explosion, poisoning and other accidents. Wharf operation is an important link in the storage and transportation of chemicals on water. The past experience tells us that accidents often occur in the course of operation. Due to the danger of the objects of operation, these operations can be regarded as high-risk operations. How to use limited resources reasonably to avoid such high risk accidents is not only an urgent problem to be solved by liquid dangerous chemical wharf enterprises, but also an important subject that government supervision and control pay attention to. This paper takes the high risk operation of liquid hazardous chemicals wharf as the object, carries on the thorough, systematic exploration and the research on the basis of the related data collection, the enterprise field investigation, In this paper, the risk classification method of daily high risk operation and special high risk operation in liquid hazardous chemicals terminal is put forward, and the process of putting forward and researching is described in detail. The specific work contents are as follows: 1) through collecting and sorting out the present situation of the research on the safety and classification of dangerous chemicals storage and transportation in domestic and foreign wharves, and aiming at the shortcomings of the related research at present, the characteristics and risk factors of high risk operation of liquid hazardous chemicals storage and transportation terminal are analyzed. Eight kinds of daily high-risk operations and eight kinds of special high-risk operations of liquid hazardous chemicals storage and transportation wharf were selected as the research object. 2) based on the risk function, the risk classification model of daily high risk activities is established by using the risk analysis method of operation process for reference. The Delphi method is used to determine the risk classification index and the cloud model is used to optimize the weight of each index in order to reduce the influence of expert subjective factors and increase the scientific nature of the method. (3) for the special high risk operations with perfect domestic norms, the paper puts forward the "special high risk operation risk index" to reflect the size of the operational risks, and sets the indexes and standards according to the relevant national norms. To construct the risk classification method of special high-risk operations. 4) the above two kinds of high risk operation risk classification methods are studied in a liquid dangerous chemical wharf storage and transportation enterprise in the Yangtze River, which shows strong practicability.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U698.5;U695.292

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