赤泥基复合粉体抑爆材料制备及其抑爆性能实验研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 03:36

本文选题：瓦斯爆炸 + 爆炸火焰　；参考：《河南理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：瓦斯爆炸具有很强的破坏性,是矿井生产的重大灾害之一,严重制约着矿井的安全生产和发展。近年来,国内外许多专家学者致力于瓦斯抑爆的研究,并取得了一定的进展。粉体材料以其性能优良、储运方便、无毒害等特点在瓦斯抑爆领域得到一定程度的应用。论文首先利用自主搭建的易爆气体爆炸实验平台,研究甲烷浓度为8%、9%、9.5%、10%、11%甲烷-空气混合气体的爆炸特性。结果表明:爆炸火焰在管道内经历了层流火焰传播、郁金香火焰传播和湍流火焰传播三个特征阶段;爆炸管道压力表现出升压、震荡和反向冲击三个变化阶段;通过分析爆炸火焰图片,光电传感信号和压力传感信号发现,在一端开口的管道内,爆炸压力出现变化的时间总是先于火焰传播速度的变化时间,表明爆炸压力的变化是导致火焰传播速度变化的原因。其次以拜耳法赤泥为原料,经过酸浸出法脱碱、溶胶-凝胶法改性等处理后得到比表面积高达255m2/g的具有丰富微孔结构的改性赤泥粉体材料。利用自行搭建的瓦斯抑爆实验平台,对改性赤泥粉体的抑爆性能机理进行实验研究。结果表明:经过改性的赤泥粉体在瓦斯抑爆实验中表现出良好的抑爆效果。其中,质量浓度为0.15g/L的赤泥粉体可使爆炸最大压力降低30%,压力峰值出现时间延迟32%左右。最后以改性赤泥为载体,尿素为活性抑爆成分,采用浸渍法制备改性赤泥基尿素复合材料。通过对比分析改性赤泥、尿素、改性赤泥基10%尿素和改性赤泥基20%尿素四种样品的抑爆结果可得:质量体积浓度为0.08g/L的改性赤泥基20%尿素复合抑爆粉体对爆炸火焰的影响最大,其作用下的爆炸火焰在相同的时间内传播的距离最短,火焰传播的最大速度降为45m/s。爆炸压力的最大值由116mbar下降到66.1mbar,压力下降率达43%。复合粉体中改性赤泥和尿素粉体两种组分在抑爆过程中的相互协同作用,是其具有优良抑爆性能的重要原因。本论文以瓦斯爆炸和瓦斯抑爆理论为基础,研究改性赤泥以及改性赤泥基尿素复合粉体对瓦斯爆炸的抑制效果,并对其抑爆机理进行理论研究分析。
[Abstract]:Gas explosion is one of the major disasters in mine production, which seriously restricts the safe production and development of mine. In recent years, many experts and scholars at home and abroad have devoted themselves to the research of gas explosion suppression and have made some progress. The powder material has been applied to some extent in the field of gas explosion suppression because of its excellent properties, convenient storage and transportation, no toxicity and so on. In this paper, the explosion characteristics of 11% methane / air mixture gas with methane concentration of 8% and 9.5% are studied by using a self-built explosive test platform. The results show that the explosion flame goes through three characteristic stages: laminar flame propagation, tulip flame propagation and turbulent flame propagation, and the pressure of the explosive pipe shows three stages of pressure rise, shock and reverse impact. By analyzing the pictures of the explosion flame, the photoelectric sensing signal and the pressure sensing signal, it is found that in the pipeline with an opening at one end, the time when the explosion pressure changes is always ahead of the change time of the flame propagation speed. It shows that the change of explosion pressure is the cause of the change of flame propagation velocity. Secondly, the red mud of Bayer process was used as raw material. After acid leaching and sol-gel modification, the modified red mud powder with rich micropore structure was obtained with a specific surface area of up to 255m2/g. The mechanism of anti-explosion performance of modified red mud powder was studied by using the experimental platform of gas explosion suppression. The results showed that the modified red mud powder had a good effect in the gas explosion suppression experiment. The red mud powder with mass concentration of 0.15g/L can reduce the maximum explosion pressure by 30% and delay the peak pressure by 32%. Finally, modified red mud based urea composites were prepared by impregnation method with modified red mud as carrier and urea as active explosive suppression component. The results of explosion suppression of modified red mud, urea, modified red mud based 10% urea and modified red mud base 20% urea were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the modified red mud based 20% urea composite explosive suppression powder with 0.08g/L mass volume concentration had the greatest effect on the explosion flame. The explosive flame propagates at the shortest distance in the same time, and the maximum velocity of flame propagation is reduced to 45 m / s. The maximum explosion pressure dropped from 116mbar to 66.1 mbar. the pressure drop rate reached 43. The synergistic action of the two components of modified red mud and urea powder in the process of explosion suppression is an important reason for their excellent explosion suppression performance. Based on the theory of gas explosion and gas explosion suppression, the effect of modified red mud and modified red mud based urea composite powder on gas explosion was studied and analyzed theoretically.
【学位授予单位】：河南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TD712.7

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