2015年青岛市崂山区部分涉苯企业职业卫生状况调查研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 06:33

本文选题：苯 + 职业卫生　；参考：《青岛大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的:近年来随着自动化生产水平的提高和劳动防护设施的改善,作业场所苯的浓度往往低于国家苯浓度限值,苯作业职工接触呈现低浓度接触。高于国家苯浓度限值危害一直是研究热点,低于国家标准限值的危害也逐渐受到关注。为及时掌握崂山区涉苯企业作业环境苯的浓度及企业职业卫生管理状况,了解苯作业职工职业健康现状,初步探究不同岗位、不同工龄苯作业职工血液指标变化,进行了该研究。方法:根据职业病危害申报系统统计,崂山区共有苯接触工人400余人,涉苯企业规模多为小微企业,行业涉及制鞋、印刷、汽车维修、机械组装等。选取部分涉苯企业,对其作业场所苯浓度进行检测,对其作业场所档案制度、责任体系、规章制度、管理机构、申报管理、警示标识、工作场所管理、防护设施及用品、培训、健康监护等职业卫生状况进行调查。从该部分企业选取211名苯作业职工为苯接触组,按岗位工艺不同将入选的研究对象分为刷胶组和喷涂组,对苯作业职工的职业卫生防治知、应急处置、职业史、职业接触史进行调查。同时从企业中行政人员随机选取53名非接触苯职工为对照,依据《职业健康技术监护规范》要求对苯接触组及行政组工人血液指标进行调查。统计企业作业场所苯浓度、职业卫生现场管理情况、工人认知情况及不同组别间血液指标的差异,从而对该区职业卫生总体状况进行分析。结果:1、所调查企业作业环境中,共计66份样品,苯浓度均未超过国家浓度限值,企业职工接触苯为低浓度接触。2、企业档案制度、责任体系、管理机构、职业病申报、警示标识设置、作业场所管理、防护设施及用品、健康培训、应急处置、健康监护等方面不健全,企业应该加大对职业卫生的重视与投入力度。3、崂山区苯作业岗位白细胞异常率较高,所调查的211名职工中,均未诊断为职业病,刷胶岗位、喷涂岗位和行政组白细胞异常率分别为19.64%、7.14%和1.13%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);4、所调查企业的刷胶岗位、喷涂岗位、行政组红细胞计数分别为4.35×1012、4.50×1012和4.59×1012/L(P0.05),3组血红蛋白分别为126.37、134.55和135.85 g/L,刷胶岗位血红蛋白水平低于喷涂岗位与行政组,差异有显著性(P0.01)。5、企业职工对职业病防治知识知晓率较低,职业病防治知识知晓率约为52%。结论:1、该区涉苯企业职业卫生基础较薄弱,应进一步加强职业卫生基础建设。2、低浓度苯也有血液毒性,暴露在低浓度环境的苯作业职工职业健康应该引起重视。3、企业要提升职业卫生教育培训水平及应急处置能力,加大对职业卫生的投入。4、红细胞均数及血红蛋白均数下降可能是接苯工人血液指标早期改变的敏感指标。5、政府部门应加强对涉苯领域重点行业、重点企业进行关注并进行重点监管。
[Abstract]:Objective: in recent years, with the improvement of automation production level and the improvement of labor protection facilities, the benzene concentration in the workplace is often lower than the national benzene concentration limit, and the exposure of workers exposed to benzene is in low concentration. The harm above the national benzene concentration limit is always a hot topic, and the harm below the national standard limit has been paid more and more attention. In order to understand the concentration of benzene in the working environment and occupational health management in Laoshan district, to understand the present situation of occupational health of workers exposed to benzene, and to explore the changes of blood indexes of workers exposed to benzene in different positions and different working years. The study was carried out. Methods: according to the statistics of occupational disease hazard declaration system, there were more than 400 workers exposed to benzene in Laoshan District. The scale of benzene enterprises was mostly small and micro enterprises, which involved shoe making, printing, automobile maintenance, mechanical assembly and so on. Some enterprises involved in benzene were selected to detect benzene concentration in their workplaces, and their workplace archives, liability system, rules and regulations, management agencies, declaration and management, warning signs, workplace management, protective facilities and supplies, training, etc. Health monitoring and other occupational hygiene conditions were investigated. 211 workers of benzene exposed to benzene were selected from this part of the enterprise as benzene exposure group. According to the different post technology, the selected subjects were divided into brush glue group and spray group. The occupational health prevention and cure, emergency disposal, occupational history of benzene workers were studied. The history of occupational contact was investigated. At the same time, 53 workers who were not exposed to benzene were randomly selected from the administrative staff as control, and the blood indexes of workers in benzene exposure group and administrative group were investigated according to occupational health technical monitoring standard. The concentration of benzene in the workplace, the management of occupational hygiene, the cognition of workers and the differences of blood indexes among different groups were analyzed in order to analyze the overall status of occupational health in this area. Results in the working environment of the enterprise investigated, 66 samples were collected, the concentration of benzene did not exceed the national concentration limit, the exposure of enterprise workers to benzene was low concentration, the enterprise file system, the responsibility system, the management organization, the occupational disease declaration, the enterprise worker exposure benzene low concentration contact. Warning signs, workplace management, protective facilities and supplies, health training, emergency disposal, health monitoring, etc. Enterprises should pay more attention to occupational health. 3. The abnormal rate of white blood cells in Laoshan area is high. None of 211 workers surveyed were diagnosed as occupational diseases. The abnormal rates of white blood cells in spraying posts and administrative groups were 19.64% and 1.13%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). The red blood cell counts in the administrative group were 4.35 脳 10 ~ (12) P _ (4.50 脳 1012) and 4.59 脳 10 ~ (12) L ~ (-1) L ~ (-1) P _ (0.05) and 135.85 g 路L ~ (-1), respectively. The hemoglobin level in the brushing position was lower than that in the spraying post and the administrative group, the difference was significant (P < 0.01). The awareness rate of occupational disease prevention knowledge was about 52%. Conclusion: the occupational health foundation of benzene related enterprises in this area is relatively weak. The occupational health infrastructure should be further strengthened. The low concentration of benzene also has blood toxicity. The occupational health of workers exposed to low concentration of benzene should be paid attention to. The enterprises should improve the level of occupational health education and training and the ability of emergency treatment. Increasing the investment in occupational health. The decrease of red blood cell average and hemoglobin mean may be the sensitive index of the early change of blood index of benzene exposed workers. Government departments should strengthen the key industries involved in benzene. Key enterprises pay attention to and conduct key supervision.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R134

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