基于BIM与WSN技术的塔吊安全事故预警的理论与方法研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 14:02

本文选题：BIM技术 + WSN技术　；参考：《中国矿业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：建筑业的安全问题一直是学者关注和研究的热点。根据统计,高处坠物事故、物体打击和起重伤害是建筑业安全事故中发生概率最大、造成死亡人数最多的三种事故类型。这三种事故类型都与塔吊安全有着直接或者间接的关系,控制塔吊安全事故对减少人员伤亡起着重要的作用。本文综述了BIM与WSN技术后,发现两项技术在记录人员运动轨迹、监控塔吊运动情况和安全事故预警方面有着很强的应用潜力,通过试验发现UWB技术在确定人员运动轨迹方面的准确性要比一般人员定位技术(比如:RFID、Zigbee、WIFI等)要高。同时诸如高度、倾角和重量等传感器对于监控塔吊的运动情况也有着很高的监测精度。研究塔吊的运动产生的危险区域对于人员造成的威胁,可以及时发出警报,形成塔吊安全事故预警机制。主要研究内容包括:1)通过文献综述的方法,了解到现阶段国内外BIM技术,以及WSN技术的发展情况,以及两项技术在建筑安全管理领域的利用情况。2)研究WSN技术在塔吊安全事故预警方面的研究情况,以及WSN技术在施工人员定位的发展情况,提出通过将两项技术共同运用于安全管理方面的可能性。并对相关技术进行了分析和研究,提出数据收集处理,软硬件安装,系统管理以及使用的一整套方案。3)研究BIM技术在塔吊安全事故管理领域的应用情况,提出实现塔吊安全管理的可视化,事故动画演练,工地数字化监控的方案和管理措施。4)以中国矿业大学附属中学(国际中学)为项目案例,利用本课题建造的塔吊安全事故预警模型,结合中国矿业大学附属中学项目,建立符合该项目的模型,结合无线传感网络的数据的实时采集功能模块,对已经搭建的塔吊安全事故预警系统进行验证,完成了人员定位的测试实验,测试了系统的及时性、准确性并对系统的使用提出了几点应用建议。
[Abstract]:The safety problem of construction industry has always been the focus of attention and research by scholars. According to statistics, falling objects accidents, object strikes and lifting injuries are the three types of accidents with the highest probability of occurrence and the highest number of deaths in the construction industry. These three types of accidents are directly or indirectly related to tower crane safety, and controlling tower crane safety accidents plays an important role in reducing casualties. This paper summarizes the BIM and WSN technology, and finds that the two technologies have strong application potential in recording the movement track of personnel, monitoring the movement of tower crane and warning the safety accident. It is found through experiments that the accuracy of UWB technique in determining the movement trajectory of human beings is higher than that of general personnel positioning techniques (such as: RFIDI Zigbee WiFi etc.). At the same time, sensors such as height, inclination and weight also have high monitoring accuracy for monitoring the movement of tower crane. Studying the threat to personnel caused by the dangerous area caused by the movement of tower crane can give out the alarm in time and form the early warning mechanism of tower crane safety accident. The main research contents include: (1) through the method of literature review, we can understand the development of BIM technology at home and abroad and the development of WSN technology at this stage. And the utilization of two technologies in the field of building safety management. 2) the research situation of WSN technology in early warning of tower crane safety accidents, and the development of WSN technology in construction personnel positioning. The possibility of applying the two technologies to safety management is proposed. The related technologies are analyzed and studied, and data collection and processing, hardware and software installation, system management and a whole set of schemes used. 3) the application of BIM technology in the field of tower crane safety accident management is studied. The project and management measures of realizing the visualization of tower crane safety management, accident animation exercise, site digital monitoring and management measures. 4) taking the secondary school affiliated to China University of Mining and Technology (International Middle School) as the project case, Using the tower crane safety accident warning model built in this paper, combining with the secondary school project of China University of Mining and Technology, the model is established according to the project, and the real time data acquisition function module of wireless sensor network is combined. The alarm system of tower crane safety accident has been verified, the testing experiment of personnel positioning has been completed, the timeliness and accuracy of the system have been tested, and some application suggestions have been put forward for the use of the system.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU714

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