美国、日本和英国水灾风险管理的经验借鉴

发布时间：2018-06-07 04:58

本文选题：水灾风险 + 风险管理　；参考：《世界农业》2017年08期

【摘要】：随着全球气候变化,中国极端气候事件频发,水灾风险管理形势极不乐观,在防灾基础设施建设、灾害预警、风险转移等方面还存在诸多问题。鉴于此,本文分析了美国、日本和英国3国在水灾管理方面的经验,结果发现,3国在应对水灾风险的过程中均建立了完善的水灾管理体系、法律体系、防洪工程体系、灾害预警预报情报体系等。对其比较之后发现,3国在水灾管理体制、洪水保险制度以及水灾风险转移手段上有相同之处,在水灾预警预报机制、应急响应机制、法律法规及风险管理工具配置方面存在一定的差异。最后就中国国情,提出应该及时转变水灾风险管理方式,加强水灾管理法律法规建设,提升社会大众对水灾风险管理的参与度等建议,从而为完善中国水灾风险管理体制提供参考。
[Abstract]:With global climate change and frequent extreme weather events in China, the situation of flood risk management is not optimistic. There are still many problems in disaster prevention infrastructure construction, disaster early warning, risk transfer and so on. In view of this, this paper analyzes the experiences of the United States, Japan and Britain in flood management. The results show that the three countries have established perfect flood management system, legal system and flood control engineering system in the process of dealing with flood risk. Disaster warning and forecasting information system. After comparison, it is found that the three countries have similarities in flood management systems, flood insurance systems and means of flood risk transfer, flood warning and forecasting mechanisms, and emergency response mechanisms. There are some differences in the allocation of laws and regulations and risk management tools. Finally, with regard to China's national conditions, suggestions are put forward that flood risk management methods should be changed in a timely manner, flood management laws and regulations should be strengthened, and public participation in flood risk management should be enhanced. So as to improve the flood risk management system in China to provide a reference.
【作者单位】：中共西安市委党校;
【分类号】：X43

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