民航飞行员人因失误评价模型研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 04:07

本文选题：飞行员 + 人因失误　；参考：《中国矿业大学(北京)》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：在综合分析民航飞行员人因失误理论和方法的基础上,结合飞机驾驶舱人为因素设计改进需求,从认知分析的角度,分别建立基于认知的民航飞行员人因失误定性分析模型(HMI-HEACS)和民航飞行员认知可靠性定量分析模型。并基于上述模型分别研究和分析了民航运输类飞机驾驶舱人因失误事故及事故征候、评价三种飞机驾驶舱显示界面。主要研究工作包括:1.基于认知的民航飞行员人因失误定性分析模型分析并比较目前飞行员人因失误分析方法的优势和不足,结合Wickens的信息处理模型、Rasmussen的技能-规则-知识模型、Hollnagel的失误模式分类、以及具体的事故和事故征候分析,最终构建基于认知的民航飞行员人因失误分析定性模型(HMI-HEACS)。2.民航飞行员人因失误定性分析模型的应用基于所构建的运输类飞机驾驶舱SHELL模型,从所搜集的事故及事故征候(NTSB事故数据库、CCAR事故和事故征候、以及其他来源的事故与事故征候)中采集出运输类飞机驾驶舱人因失误事故及事故征候,从而界定出本研究所需的基础数据。采用基于认知的民航飞行员人因失误分析定性模型(HMI-HEACS),采取总体分析和对比分析的方式,分析122起运输类飞机人因失误人因事故征候和36起运输类飞机驾驶舱人因失误人因事故,并说明数据分析结果在民航飞行员驾驶舱人因设计中的应用,给出大量的人为因素设计关注项目。3.基于认知可靠性的飞行员人因失误定量分析模型采用三参数威布尔分布拟合方法和最小二乘法来分析被试失误概率与规范化响应时间的概率分布拟合曲线,验证HCR方法在分析民航飞行员认知可靠性问题上的可用性,并最终建立民航飞行员认知可靠性模型。4.飞行员人因失误定量分析模型的应用基于B737-800飞行模拟器,在3种不同设计方案的主飞行显示界面下开展飞行模拟实验,采集了主飞行显示界面参数(空速、高度、俯仰、滚转、航向)超出安全裕度的飞行异常任务中被试的反应时间,基于认知可靠性的飞行员人因失误定量分析模型对三种显示界面总体设计方案进行了比较,说明了飞行学员HCR模型在飞机驾驶舱显示界面设计方案评价中的应用。通过研究得到一些有用成果,为该领域的进一步研究提供了一种改进的全面定性分析模型和定量分析模型,进而在一定程度上加深本领域的研究思路和方法。
[Abstract]:On the basis of synthetically analyzing the theory and method of human error of civil aviation pilots, combining with the human factors of aircraft cockpit to design and improve the demand, from the perspective of cognitive analysis, A cognitive qualitative analysis model of human error in civil aviation pilots and a quantitative analysis model of cognitive reliability of civil aviation pilots are established. Based on the above models, this paper studies and analyzes the human error accidents and accident symptoms in the cockpit of civil aviation transport aircraft, and evaluates the display interface of the cockpit of three kinds of aircraft. The main research work includes: 1. The qualitative analysis model of human error in civil aviation pilots based on cognition is analyzed and compared with the advantages and disadvantages of the current methods of human error analysis. The classification of fault patterns is combined with the skill rule-knowledge model of Rasmussen and Hollnagel's model of information processing. Finally, a cognitive qualitative model of human error analysis for civil aviation pilots is constructed. The Application of qualitative Analysis Model for Human error of Civil Aviation pilot based on the SHELL Model of Transport aircraft cockpit, the CCAR accident and accident symptoms are collected from the NTSB accident database. And other sources of accidents and accident symptoms) to collect the transport aircraft cockpit people due to errors and accident symptoms, so as to define the basic data needed for this study. Using the qualitative model of human error analysis of civil aviation pilots based on cognition (HMI-HEACSA), using the method of overall analysis and comparative analysis, this paper analyzes 122 cases of human error caused by human error in transport aircraft and 36 cases of accidents caused by human errors in the cockpit of transport aircraft. The application of the data analysis results in the design of the cockpit of civil aviation pilots is illustrated, and a large number of human factor design concerns are given. 3. Based on the cognitive reliability, the quantitative analysis model of human error in pilots analyzed the probability distribution fitting curve between the error probability and the normalized response time by using the three-parameter Weibull distribution fitting method and the least square method. The availability of HCR method in analyzing the cognitive reliability of civil aviation pilots was verified, and finally, the cognitive reliability model of civil aviation pilots was established. Based on the flight simulator B737-800, the flight simulation experiment was carried out under the main flight display interface of three different design schemes. The parameters of the main flight display interface (airspeed, altitude, pitch, roll) were collected. The reaction time of the subjects in the flight abnormal mission beyond the safety margin was compared. Based on the cognitive reliability quantitative analysis model of human error of pilots, the overall design schemes of three display interfaces were compared. The application of flight cadet HCR model to the evaluation of aircraft cockpit display interface design scheme is described. Some useful results are obtained, which provide an improved comprehensive qualitative analysis model and quantitative analysis model for further research in this field, and further deepen the research ideas and methods in this field to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学(北京)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：V328;V223.1

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