考虑人机交互的功能危险评估方法研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 22:01

本文选题：功能危险评估 + 人机交互　；参考：《南京航空航天大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：民用飞机适航标准明确规定,申请人必须对飞机系统进行安全性评估,而飞机的安全性评估流程应始于功能危险评估。功能危险评估旨在识别飞机运行过程中可能发生的功能故障状态和故障状态组合,并且根据故障影响确定它们的危险等级。传统的功能危险评估方法通常需要安全分析专家依赖以往积累的经验对飞机功能逐个进行分析,这使得分析结果太过主观,而且一旦面对高度复杂的系统,就会产生时间长、花费大、识别多重失效困难等缺点。本文首先介绍了传统功能危险评估方法的分析流程并指出其所存在的不足。然后,阐述了目前对功能危险评估方法进行改进的研究现状,针对其中一种语言工具和两种基于模型的功能危险评估方法,从分析原理、分析流程及不足方面进行了评述。并从历史数据出发,论述了人为因素在功能危险评估中的重要影响,引出人机交互的理念,提出了一种考虑人机交互的功能危险评估方法,给出了具体的建模分析流程和算法设计思路。该方法在原有功能危险分析方法的基础上,将飞机失效场景、飞机功能依赖关系以及人工控制过程模型等因素结合起来,采用状态图构建目标模型,利用计算机编程进行结果计算,有效地弥补了传统方法的缺陷,提高了功能危险评估的效率。最后,选用飞机起飞场景为案例,用考虑人机交互的功能危险评估方法进行失效分析,获得了相应的计算结果,通过和现有分析方法求解结果进行对比,验证了本文方法的适用性。
[Abstract]:The airworthiness criteria for civil aircraft specify that the applicant must conduct a safety assessment of the aircraft system, and the aircraft safety assessment process should begin with a functional hazard assessment. The purpose of the FRA is to identify the possible functional failure states and fault state combinations during the aircraft operation, and to determine their hazard level according to the fault impact. Traditional functional risk assessment methods usually require safety analysis experts to rely on the accumulated experience to analyze the aircraft functions individually, which makes the analysis results too subjective, and once faced with highly complex systems, it will produce a long time. It is expensive and difficult to identify multiple failures. This paper first introduces the analysis flow of traditional functional hazard assessment method and points out its shortcomings. Then, the present research status of functional hazard assessment (FRA) method is described. One language tool and two model-based FRA methods are reviewed from the aspects of analysis principle, flow chart and deficiency. Based on the historical data, this paper discusses the important influence of human factors on functional hazard assessment, introduces the idea of human-computer interaction, and puts forward a method of functional hazard assessment considering human-computer interaction. Detailed modeling and analysis flow and algorithm design ideas are given. On the basis of the original functional hazard analysis method, this method combines the factors such as aircraft failure scene, aircraft functional dependence and manual control process model, and uses the state diagram to construct the target model. Computer programming is used to calculate the results, which can effectively remedy the defects of traditional methods and improve the efficiency of functional risk assessment. Finally, the aircraft takeoff scene is selected as a case, and the functional hazard assessment method considering man-machine interaction is used to carry out failure analysis. The corresponding calculation results are obtained, and the results are compared with those obtained by existing analysis methods. The applicability of this method is verified.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：V328

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