基于PIC微控器的液体化学品自燃温度试验装置

发布时间：2018-06-15 06:30

  本文选题：液体化学品 + 自燃温度测试　； 参考：《中国计量学院》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：危险化学品是指具有易燃、易爆、有毒，有腐蚀性、放射性等危险特性，容易造成人身伤亡、财产受损、环境污染的化学品。自燃点是确定危化品危险等级的一个重要参数。在我国化学工业快速发展的大背景下，国内危险化学品火灾、爆炸、泄漏事故伴随其产量和交易量增加呈快速增长趋势，给企业、人民群众生命财产造成严重损失；国际贸易中，化学品贸易需要提供包括自燃点在内的数十项物理化学参数。因此，，化学品自燃点检测是必不可少环节，化学品自燃点测试相关设备的研发也成为必需。 目前液体化学品自燃点测定试验方法行业标准主要是欧美标准，如ASTME659，DIN51794，EC test A15等。我国现行相关标准为GB/T21791、SH/T0642—1997、GB/T21860—2008等。目前，国外市场已有一些液体化学品自燃温度点检测设备，如美国艾迪塞恩公司（IDEASCIENCE）的AITTA自燃温度测试仪，美国科勒（KOEHLER）公司的液体化学品自燃温度测定仪等。本文基于国标GB/T21860—2008，结合理论研究及工程实现，设计并搭建液体化学品自燃温度测定装置，主要工作内容和创新点总结如下： （1）参考国标GB/T21860—2008，对液体化学品自燃温度试验装置进行技术分解，确定可行性方案，设计实现目前国内还没有成品出现的液体化学品自燃点自动测试装置。装置搭建工作包括四部分：坩埚炉加热装置布置、数据采集电路软硬件制作与调试、LabVIEW上位机软件实时数据采集与参数提取、装置整体调试与液体危险化学品自燃温度点等参数测试试验。 （2）结合该装置测试过程中的特定要求，仿真研究模糊PID控制理论在坩埚电阻炉温度控制器上的应用：根据坩埚炉在0℃～1000℃工作温度区间内低温度段升温速度快，高温度段升温速度慢；国标要求以30℃和3℃调温两种条件，构造模糊PID控制规则库，仿真模糊PID控制在系统所用坩埚炉温度控制上的无超调性、稳定性应用研究。 （3）设计与实现自燃点温度数据采集系统的软硬件部分，完成上位机软件的编写与通信调试。参考国标GB/T21860—2008的要求，以实现液体化学品相关参数测试的自动化为目标，设计PIC微控器为核心的数据采集电路板，实现测试装置四个热电偶数据采集、显示、传输等功能。所设计上位机软件，实时接收下位机数据，对数据进行分组，取均值、重现温度变化曲线等，提取国标要求的各项参数。最后以93#汽油、乙酸、石油醚、硝基苯、甲醇、苯酚、苯胺七种液体化学品为试验对象测定其自燃温度值、着火延时等参数，并对试验误差做了详细分析。 论文最后对装置在液体危化品自燃点温度检测领域的应用前景以及继续改进的方面进行了讨论。
[Abstract]:Hazardous chemicals are chemicals with flammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive, radioactive and other dangerous characteristics, easy to cause casualties, property damage, environmental pollution. Spontaneous combustion point is an important parameter to determine the dangerous grade of dangerous chemicals. Under the background of the rapid development of the chemical industry in China, the fire, explosion and leakage of dangerous chemicals in China are increasing rapidly with the increase of their output and trading volume, which have caused serious losses to enterprises and people's lives and property. In international trade, chemical trade needs to provide dozens of physical and chemical parameters, including spontaneous ignition points. Therefore, chemical self-ignition point detection is an essential link, chemical self-ignition point testing equipment research and development has become necessary. At present, the industrial standard for the determination of spontaneous ignition point of liquid chemicals is mainly the European and American standard, such as ASTME659DIN51794 EC test A15 etc. The current standards of China are GB / T 21791 / SHP T 0642-1997 GB / T 21860-2008. At present, there are a number of liquid chemicals spontaneous combustion temperature point detection equipment in foreign markets, such as AITTA autoignition temperature tester of IDEASCIENCEE and KOEHLER-US liquid chemical spontaneous combustion temperature tester. Based on GB / T _ 21860-2008, combined with theoretical research and engineering realization, this paper designs and builds a device for measuring the spontaneous combustion temperature of liquid chemicals. The main contents and innovations are summarized as follows: (1) with reference to GB / T _ 21860-2008, the technical decomposition of the liquid chemical spontaneous combustion temperature test device is carried out, and the feasible scheme is determined. The design and implementation of liquid chemical auto-ignition point testing device without finished product at present. The construction of the device includes four parts: the arrangement of the heating device for the crucible furnace, the hardware and software design and debugging of the data acquisition circuit and the real-time data acquisition and parameter extraction of the LabVIEW upper computer software. Testing and testing of parameters such as the temperature point of spontaneous combustion of liquid hazardous chemicals, etc., combined with the specific requirements of the testing process of the device, The application of fuzzy pid control theory in the temperature controller of crucible resistance furnace is studied by simulation. According to the temperature range of the crucible furnace working at 0 鈩

本文编号：2021045