事故后果模拟在三氯氢硅生产装置安全评价中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 22:36

本文选题：三氯氢硅 + 生产装置　；参考：《济南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：事故后果模拟方法被广泛应用于化工生产装置的安全评价中。这种方法在评价过程中具有针对性,结果比较直观,因而在生产装置的火灾、爆炸、中毒等危险性事故的评价中得到了普遍应用。三氯氢硅的生产过程涉及大量的易燃剧毒化学物质,一旦某个环节出现问题,其造成的人员伤亡、财产损失和环境污染是非常严重的。因此,对三氯氢硅生产装置进行事故后果模拟,提出相应的防范措施,将对提升建设项目的本质安全具有非常重要的意义。本文主要内容和结论如下:1.通过对国内外有关事故后果模拟、三氯氢硅安全评价进行分析,研究了现阶段该领域取得的进展,深入分析了国内事故后果模拟存在的模型过于理想化、没有模拟多米诺事故等问题和三氯氢硅安全评价存在的套用公式、缺乏环境因素分析等问题。2.首先利用池火灾公式和ALOHA软件模拟计算了三氯氢硅储罐发生池火灾事故的死亡半径、重伤半径和轻伤半径。根据两种模拟结果偏差进行比较,加入池火灾公式修正系数,修正公式后重新计算,误差都在1%之内,从而扩大了公式的适用范围。其次针对安全评价报告中缺乏蒸气云可燃区域模拟,先模拟了蒸气云爆炸的冲击波伤害范围,又补充了可燃区域的计算,结果表明可燃区域比冲击波伤害范围大,且两种伤害范围都随着风速的增大而减小。再次利用重气体大气扩散的DEGADIS简化模型对氯气扩散进行了模拟,结果表明临界浓度下风向最大距离随风速的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势。氯气的扩散距离受多种因素的影响,分别研究了风速、温度、湿度、地面粗糙度对氯气扩散距离的影响,得出风速和地面粗糙度是主要的影响因素。3.利用CASST-QRA软件模拟了三氯氢硅生产装置的多米诺事故,得到了多米诺事故伤害范围,阀门泄漏、管道泄漏等不同事故模式下装置发生单一事故和多米诺事故的概率、三氯氢硅储罐区的目标设备损坏概率以及个人风险和社会风险,结果表明三氯氢硅储罐和变压吸附塔引发多米诺事故的伤害范围比单个设备伤害范围分别大24.90 m和12.10 m,说明模拟装置的多米诺事故是非常必要的。通过本文的工作,对三氯氢硅生产装置提出了更全面的安全距离,得到了应加强装置安全管理的具体部位和三氯氢硅储罐区目标设备损坏概率,从而为该工厂全面降低生产风险提供了依据,促进了三氯氢硅生产装置安全评价的全面性和完整性。池火灾修正系数和多米诺事故模拟提高了事故后果模拟模型的准确性,使得化工企业在应用事故后果模拟时得到更符合实际的结果,更好地为企业安全事故预防工作提供科学的依据。
[Abstract]:The method of accident consequence simulation is widely used in safety evaluation of chemical plant. This method has pertinence in the process of evaluation, and the result is relatively intuitive, so it has been widely used in the evaluation of dangerous accidents such as fire, explosion, poisoning and so on. The production process of trichlorohydrosilicon involves a large number of flammable and highly toxic chemicals. Once there is a problem in a certain link, the casualties, property losses and environmental pollution are very serious. Therefore, it is of great significance to simulate the accident consequence of trichlorosilicon production plant and put forward the corresponding preventive measures to enhance the essential safety of the construction project. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1. Through the analysis of domestic and foreign accident consequence simulation and safety evaluation of trichlorohydrosilicon, the progress in this field is studied, and the model of domestic accident consequence simulation is analyzed too idealized. There are no problems such as simulating domino accident, the applicable formula of safety assessment of trichlorohydrosilicon, and the lack of environmental factor analysis. Firstly, the radius of death, serious injury and slight injury of the fire accident in the tank of trichlorosilane storage tank were calculated by using the fire formula of pool and Aloha software. According to the deviation of the two simulation results, the correction coefficient of the fire formula is added, and the error is less than 1% after the correction of the formula, which expands the scope of application of the formula. Secondly, in view of the lack of combustible region simulation of vapor cloud in safety evaluation report, the damage range of shock wave in vapor cloud explosion is simulated first, and the calculation of combustible region is supplemented. The results show that the combustible area is larger than that of shock wave. And the range of both kinds of damage decreases with the increase of wind speed. A simplified DEGADIS model of heavy gas atmospheric diffusion is used to simulate chlorine diffusion. The results show that the maximum wind direction distance increases first and then decreases with the increase of wind speed. The influence of wind speed, temperature, humidity and surface roughness on chlorine diffusion distance was studied. Using CASST-QRA software to simulate the domino accident in the production plant of trichlorohydrosilicon, the probability of single accident and domino accident in different accident modes such as domino accident scope, valve leakage, pipeline leakage and so on is obtained. Target equipment damage probability and personal and social risks in the trichlorohydrosilicon storage area, The results show that the damage range of the domino accident caused by the silicon trichlorohydro storage tank and the pressure swing adsorption tower is 24.90 m and 12.10 m respectively than that of the single equipment, which indicates that the Domino accident of the analog device is very necessary. Through the work of this paper, a more comprehensive safety distance is put forward for the trichlorosilicon production plant, and the damage probability of the target equipment in the storage area of trichlorohydrosilicon storage tank and the specific site where the safety management of the plant should be strengthened is obtained. It provides a basis for reducing the production risk of the plant and promotes the integrity and comprehensiveness of the safety evaluation of the production unit of trichlorosilane. The correction coefficient of pool fire and domino accident simulation improve the accuracy of accident consequence simulation model and make chemical enterprises get more practical results when applying accident consequence simulation. Better for the enterprise safety accident prevention work to provide the scientific basis.
【学位授予单位】：济南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ264.1;TQ086

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