薄基岩浅埋煤层开采突水溃砂致灾机理及防治技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 03:12

本文选题：浅埋煤层 + 薄基岩　；参考：《西安科技大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：煤炭资源在我国能源结构和国民经济中占有极为重要的地位，煤炭安全开采是保障人员安全、资源安全和经济健康发展的基石，同时，也是全社会关注的焦点，学者和工程师研究的重点。在浅埋煤炭资源开采工作面通过上覆基岩较薄且上覆富水松散区域时，有发生矿井突水溃砂的潜在威胁，在生产实践中已发生多起矿井突水溃砂事故，造成巨大的人力、物力和财力损失，突水溃砂灾害已成为影响浅埋煤炭资源安全开采的关键问题之一。突水溃砂是由浅埋深、薄基岩、富含潜水的厚松散覆盖层这种特殊的水文工程地质环境决定的，涉及采区工程地质构造、水文地质、工程地质、煤层、覆岩等条件以及开采方式等诸多方面的因素。本文从薄基岩、浅埋煤层、富水松散层和开采条件的特点入手，分析了突水溃砂的影响因素，建立了突水溃砂灾害的力学分析模型，并依此为基础提出了突水溃砂灾害的防治技术。将该项防治技术应用于神东矿区哈拉沟煤矿22404综采工作面过沟开采工程中，成功预防了突水溃砂灾害的发生，保障了工作面顺利安全通过，取得了良好的技术、经济和社会效应。本文通过研究主要获得以下成果：（1）根据哈拉沟煤矿22404综采工作面工程地质与水文地质条件及开采特点，分析了突水溃砂的影响因素及发生机理。总结出发生突水溃砂现象必须具备四方面条件，即物源（富含潜水的厚松散覆盖层）、动力源（高潜水水头）、通道（薄基岩断裂缝）、储存空间（采空区），且水压力是使含水砂层发生突水溃砂的根本原因，当顶板薄基岩发生断裂，动水压力达到某一临界值后，就会造成大量的水砂混合流溃入巷道和采空区。（2）分析了哈拉沟煤矿22404综采工作面的突水溃砂综合条件。哈拉沟煤矿2-2煤层22404工作面宽260m，，在通过哈拉沟采区段，煤层埋深42～54m，采高为4.2m，基岩厚度有20～40m，松散层厚22m，基岩厚度为采高的4.8倍，采动裂隙可直接沟通至地表。因此开采区域属于浅埋、薄基岩、厚富水松散砂层的范畴，当工作面通过哈拉沟时，极易发生突水溃砂灾害。（3）理论计算和实测分析了哈拉沟煤矿22404综采工作面的矿压显现规律。通过理论计算及现场观测，得出22404工作面老顶首次来压计算步距50～60m，实测步距66m，周期来压计算步距21～28m，实测步距16～19m。（4）理论计算分析哈拉沟22404综采工作面突水溃砂的水力条件。研究给出临界水力坡度及临界水头高度的计算方法，对哈拉沟煤矿22404综采工作面过哈拉沟段的突水溃砂危险性进行了预测计算，判定该段在初始状态下有突水溃砂危险。（5）提出突水溃砂的综合防治技术。综合分析突水溃砂的影响因素及形成条件，提出以井下疏放水改变上覆地层水力条件及注浆改造松散层胶结状态的综合防治技术，并详细阐述了各类技术措施的防治原理。（6）理论及技术实践验证，指导哈拉沟22404综采工作面过沟开采。将突水溃砂致灾理论分析成果及防治技术综合应用于哈拉沟煤矿22404综采工作面过哈拉沟段浅埋煤层开采，在严格执行防治技术方案的条件下，成功预防了突水溃砂事故，最终保证了22404综采工作面顺利通过哈拉沟。
[Abstract]:Coal resources occupy a very important position in the energy structure and national economy of our country. Coal safety mining is the cornerstone of ensuring personnel safety, resource safety and economic healthy development. At the same time, it is also the focus of attention of the whole society, the focus of scholars and engineers. When overlying the loose area of rich water, there is a potential threat to the sand burst of mine water inrush. In production practice, there have been a number of mine burst sand burst accidents, causing huge human, material and financial loss, and water bursting and sand burst has become one of the key problems affecting the safe mining of shallow coal resources.
Water bursting sand is determined by shallow buried depth, thin bedrock and thick loose covering layer rich in diving. It involves many factors such as engineering geological structure, hydrogeology, engineering geology, coal seam, overlying rock and so on. This paper is from thin bedrock, shallow coal seam, rich water loose layer and mining. On the basis of the characteristics of the conditions, the influence factors of water inrush and sand break are analyzed, the mechanical analysis model of water inrush and sand break is set up, and the prevention and control technology of water bursting and sand break is put forward on the basis of this, and the prevention and control technology is applied to the 22404 fully mechanized coal mining face of the hargings coal mine in Shendong mining area. The occurrence of damage ensured the smooth and safe passage of the working face and achieved good technical, economic and social effects.
The main achievements of this paper are as follows:
(1) according to the engineering geology, hydrogeological conditions and mining characteristics of 22404 fully mechanized coal mining face in Hara coal mine, the influencing factors and mechanism of water bursting are analyzed. It is concluded that there must be four conditions for the occurrence of water inrush and sand break, namely, the source (thick and loose overlying layer rich in diving), the power source (high diving head), and the passage (Bo Jiyan break) Cracks), storage space (goaf), and water pressure is the root cause of water bursting sand in water bearing sand layer. When the roof rock breaks and the dynamic water pressure reaches a certain critical value, a large number of water sand mixed flow will break into the roadway and goaf.
(2) the comprehensive conditions of water inrush and sand break of 22404 coal face in Hara gage coal mine are analyzed. The 2-2 coal seam of harugou coal mine is 22404 working face wide 260m. In the passage of Hara gully, the depth of the coal seam is 42 ~ 54m, the height of the coal seam is 4.2m, the thickness of the bedrock is 20 to 40m, the thickness of the loose layer is 22m, the thickness of the bedrock is 4.8 times of the height, so the mining fracture can communicate directly to the surface. The mining area belongs to the category of shallow buried, Bo Jiyan, thick and abundant water loose sand layer. When the working face passes through the Hara ditch, it is easy to happen the water inrush sand disaster.
(3) theoretical calculation and measurement have been carried out to analyze the regularity of the ore pressure in the 22404 fully mechanized coal mining face in Hara gully coal mine. Through theoretical calculation and field observation, it is concluded that the calculation step distance is 50 ~ 60m for the first time pressure of the 22404 working face, the measured step distance is 66m, the calculation step distance is 21 to 28m, and the measured step distance is 16 to 19m..
(4) theoretical calculation and analysis of hydraulic conditions of water burst in Hara gill 22404 fully mechanized mining face. The calculation method of critical hydraulic gradient and critical head height is given. The hazard of water bursting and sand break in the 22404 fully mechanized coal mining face in Hala gully section of haralin coal mine is predicted and calculated, and the danger of water bursting in the initial state is determined.
(5) the comprehensive prevention and control technology of water inrush and sand break is put forward. The influencing factors and forming conditions of water inrush are analyzed. The comprehensive prevention and control technology for changing the hydraulic conditions of the overlying strata and the cementing state of the loose layer by grouting is put forward, and the prevention and control principles of various technical measures are expounded in detail.
(6) theoretical and technical practice verification, guiding the 22404 fully mechanized mining face of Hara gully through furrow mining. The theoretical analysis results and control techniques of water inrush and sand break are applied to the shallow buried coal seam mining in the 22404 fully mechanized coal mining face in Hara gage coal mine, and the water bursting accident is successfully prevented under the condition of strict implementation of the prevention and control technology. Finally ensured the 22404 fully mechanized face smoothly passed the Hara ditch.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TD745

【参考文献】