铁路边坡防护网安全监测的光纤光栅传感技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 05:47

本文选题：光纤光栅传感 + 铁路边坡防护网　；参考：《武汉理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着我国高速铁路干线的快速发展,为了保证铁路在山区事故高发地区行车安全,需要对危及高速列车运行安全的各类自然灾害及不明异物侵限等突发事件进行快速反应和及时处理。由此而生的铁路边坡监测系统就是现代化铁路运输系统中不可缺少的重要技术保障,而防护网安全监测就是其中十分重要的一环。随着光纤光栅传感技术近年来在土木工程方面的成熟应用,基于其相关技术的铁路边坡防护网监测预警系统在保证铁路边坡防护网的减灾防灾效果的同时,又克服了传统电类监测预警系统的缺点,具有抗电磁干扰、使用寿命长、响应时间短、光纤光缆传输信号、传输距离远、可线路自检、不漏报误报、精确定位、集预警报警功能于一体等优点,能够对危害铁路运行安全的危岩落石以及异物侵限进行实时报警。目前,在将光纤光栅传感技术利用在铁路边坡防护安全方面是国内外的研究热点。针对这一研究热点,本文以“成兰铁路典型地质灾害自动监测与预警技术研究”项目为背景,研究了用于防护网安全监测的几种传感器技术,并做了大量性能测试。同时将设计的部分传感器安装应用在现场的防护网冲击试验中,取得了初步的监测数据。文章主要研究内容如下： 1、介绍了近年来国内外在铁路边坡防护网监测预警技术上的研究进展与现状,总结了光纤光栅传感技术的传感原理、应用现状以及其独特的应用优势。 2、介绍了刚性防护网与柔性防护网的主要受力部件,对适配于防护网的各类传感器进行了设计。首先确定需要的传感器类型,根据各类防护网各种部件的特点,优化传感器的形状尺寸与封装方法,总结了传感器的安装方法,以适合牢固安装于防护网上。 3、在对不同类型的防护网施加不同级别的冲击荷载,得到了在防护网上不同部件不同监测点上传感器测试到的实时数据。通过试验数据重点分析了不同类型的防护网在最大防护能级下各监测点的响应变化规律与响应值的大小特征、并与相关文献中的理论模拟值进行了对比,分析了误差产生的原因。 4、监测预警方案确定。结合整个监测系统经济成本等因素,初步确定传感器种类、布点位置和数量等指标。并对后期整体监测预警系统的搭建提出一些可行性的想法。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of high-speed railway trunk lines in China, in order to ensure the safety of railway in mountainous areas with high incidence of accidents, It is necessary to respond quickly and deal with all kinds of natural disasters and unknown foreign body intrusions which endanger the safety of high-speed trains. Therefore, the railway slope monitoring system is an indispensable technical guarantee in the modern railway transportation system, and the safety monitoring of the protective net is a very important part of it. With the mature application of fiber Bragg grating sensing technology in civil engineering in recent years, the monitoring and warning system of railway slope protection net based on its related technology not only ensures the effect of disaster reduction and prevention of railway slope protection net, but also ensures the disaster reduction and prevention effect of railway slope protection net. It also overcomes the shortcomings of traditional electric monitoring and warning system, such as anti-electromagnetic interference, long service life, short response time, fiber optic cable transmission signal, long transmission distance, line self-checking, no false alarm, accurate positioning, With the advantages of early warning and warning function, it can give real time alarm to the dangerous rock falling and the foreign body intruding which endangers the safety of railway operation. At present, the application of fiber Bragg grating sensing technology in the safety of railway slope protection is a hot spot at home and abroad. In view of this research hotspot, this paper takes the project of "automatic monitoring and early warning technology of typical geological hazards in Cheng-Lan Railway" as the background, studies several sensor technologies used in safety monitoring of protective net, and makes a lot of performance tests. At the same time, some sensors are installed in the field protection net impact test, and the preliminary monitoring data are obtained. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The research progress and current situation of monitoring and warning technology of railway slope protection net at home and abroad in recent years are introduced, and the sensing principle of fiber Bragg grating sensing technology is summarized. The application status and its unique application advantages. 2. The main force components of rigid protective net and flexible protective net are introduced, and various kinds of sensors suitable for protective net are designed. First of all, the type of sensor is determined, according to the characteristics of various parts of the protective net, the shape and size of the sensor and the packaging method are optimized, and the installation method of the sensor is summarized. The real time data of sensors on different parts and different monitoring points are obtained by applying different levels of impact load to different types of protective nets. 3. Based on the experimental data, the law of response variation and the characteristics of response values of different types of protective nets under the maximum protective energy level are analyzed, and compared with the theoretical simulation values in related literature. The causes of error are analyzed. 4. The scheme of monitoring and warning is determined. Combined with the economic cost of the whole monitoring system, the types of sensors, location and quantity of sensors are preliminarily determined. And put forward some feasible ideas to build the whole monitoring and early warning system in the later stage.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U298;TP212

【参考文献】