基于多源卫星数据的全球航船事故失事海况分析

发布时间：2018-06-19 14:04

本文选题：卫星数据 + 航船事故　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：国际贸易运输量的90%是通过海上运输方式实现的。随着海上航运业的迅速发展,船只在数量、大小及载重吨位方面也呈现不断增长的趋势。与此同时,船运安全问题也越来越引起人们的关注。船运货物中通常包含危险化学品、石油等,一旦发生航船事故,不但会造成人员伤亡和财产损失,而且严重威胁海洋环境。由恶劣天气或复杂海况引发的航船事故占事故总体的40%,成为航船事故的重要致灾因素,因此,失事海况特征的研究成为航运安全的研究重点。海况参数数据的获取方式有:浮标测量、卫星遥感和海浪数值模式预报等。利用卫星探测海洋动力参数主要依靠微波雷达技术,包括散射计、辐射计、高度计。其中散射计和辐射计用来监测全球海表面风场信息,高度计可获取有效波高等参数数据。本研究以2001—2010年共10年的全球航船事故统计数据(数据来自国际海事组织的船舶事故统计报告)为基础,建立航船事故数据库,对航船事故的空间分布、季节分布、初始事件分类、失事航船类型等方面做了统计分析。由事故分布特征及航船信息,筛选不同类型的事故案例,根据事故发生的时间和地点,获取相应的卫星数据(包括散射计、辐射计和高度计数据)和海浪数值模式数据,据此,分析事故发生时的海况参数特点(包括有效波高、风速、平均波周期、波陡四项参数),总结船舶失事时的海况规律。研究结论如下:第一,北大西洋、北印度洋和西北太平洋成为三大航船事故高发区,其失事海况特征表现在:有效波高集中分布在2~4 m,风速集中分布在10~14 m/s,波周期集中分布在6~8 s;波陡值在北大西洋最高,达到0.04~0.05,在北印度洋最低,为0.02~0.03。第二,航船在涌浪-风浪相互作用下,当涌浪和风浪之间具有相近的波周期(一般不超过3 s),且在波浪传播方向上具有一定夹角(多分布于0°~60°)时,易引发危险海况,导致航船事故的发生。第三,航船载重吨位(以散货船为例)与失事海况参数的相关性:与有效波高和平均波周期为低度相关;与风速和波陡之间则具有中度相关性。综上所述,本文主要研究了恶劣天气下发生的航船事故的失事海况规律,并在完善海上预警标准和船舶航行安全方面提出了建议;同时,典型案例的分析在畸形波的研究方面也有一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:Ninety percent of international trade is carried out by sea. With the rapid development of maritime shipping industry, the number, size and load tonnage of ships are also increasing. At the same time, the problem of shipping safety has attracted more and more attention. Shipping cargo usually contains dangerous chemicals, oil and so on. Once a ship accident occurs, it will not only cause casualties and property losses, but also seriously threaten the marine environment. Ship accidents caused by bad weather or complicated sea conditions account for 40% of the total accidents, and become an important disaster factor of ship accidents. Therefore, the study of the characteristics of shipwreck conditions has become the focus of research on shipping safety. Data acquisition methods include buoy measurement, satellite remote sensing and wave numerical model prediction. The detection of ocean dynamic parameters by satellite mainly depends on microwave radar technology, including scatterometer, radiometer and altimeter. The scatterometer and radiometer are used to monitor the wind field information of the global sea surface. The altimeter can obtain the effective wave height data. Based on the statistical data of global ship accidents from 2001 to 2010 (data from the statistical report of ship accidents of the International Maritime Organization), the database of ship accidents is established, and the spatial distribution and seasonal distribution of ship accidents are analyzed. The classification of initial events and the types of shipwrecks are analyzed statistically. According to the accident distribution characteristics and ship information, the different types of accident cases are screened, and the corresponding satellite data (including scatterometer, radiometer and altimeter data) and wave numerical model data are obtained according to the time and place of the accident. The characteristics of sea condition parameters (including effective wave height, wind speed, mean wave period and wave steepness) at the time of the accident are analyzed. The conclusions of the study are as follows: first, the North Atlantic, the North Indian Ocean and the Northwest Pacific Ocean have become the three major ship accidents. The characteristics of the shipwreck are as follows: the concentration of the effective wave height is 2 ~ 4 m, the wind velocity is 10 ~ 14 m / s, the wave period is 6 ~ 8 s, the wave steepness is the highest in the North Atlantic Ocean (0.04 ~ 0.05) and the lowest in the northern Indian Ocean (0.02 ~ 0.03). Secondly, under the interaction of surge wave and wind wave, when the ship has a similar wave period (generally not more than 3 s-1) and a certain angle in the direction of wave propagation (mostly distributed in 0 掳or 60 掳), it is easy to cause dangerous sea conditions. The occurrence of a ship accident. Third, the correlation between the carrier tonnage (taking bulk carrier as an example) and the shipwreck parameters: the correlation between the effective wave height and the mean wave period is low, and the correlation is moderate with the wind speed and the wave steepness. To sum up, this paper mainly studies the shipwreck law of ship accidents in severe weather, and puts forward some suggestions on how to improve the maritime early warning standard and ship navigation safety, at the same time, The analysis of typical cases also has some reference value in the study of deformities.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U698.6

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