大型铁路客运站消防能力研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 15:45

本文选题：大型铁路客运站 + 火灾　；参考：《西南交通大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：大型铁路客运站具有建筑规模宏大、功能高度集中化以及人员密集等的特点,如果发生火灾,不仅人员疏散难度很大,而且将会造成大量的人员伤亡和财产损失。所以研究大型铁路客运站的消防能力对保证人员的生命安全起到了至关重要的作用。本文通过分析大型铁路客运站火灾的特点,通过大型铁路客运站内部功能区域分析,辨识了大型铁路客运站存在的火灾危险性,并且根据大型铁路客运站的各个不同功能区的火灾荷载密度以及火灾热释放速率划分了大型铁路客运站功能区火灾危险性的级别。将大型铁路客运站的灭火能力强弱表征为车站室内消火栓消防用水量大小,给出了在喷淋排烟失效的最不利条件下消防水量的计算公式。并且以成都火车北站软席候车室为例计算和评估其灭火能力和灭火成功的概率。将大型铁路客运站的防火能力表征为对应防火分区生烟量的大小,提出计算方法。通过实地调研,借助Pyrosim软件以成都火车北站为例建立了三种火灾场景,并对结果进行分析,分析烟气扩散情况以及得到对应火灾场景的临界疏散时间,为人员疏散提供合理依据。提出大型铁路客运站疏散能力的表示方法,分析影响客运站疏散能力的因素。通过建立火车站检票闸机口、楼梯、疏散通道、安全出口模型,利用Pathfinder疏散仿真软件得到各自的通过能力,对通过能力进行分析比较找出疏散瓶颈所在,同时提出改进措施。以成都火车站软席候车室火灾为例,根据Pathfinder疏散仿真软件构建模型,得出人员必要安全疏散时间并与场景模拟出的临界疏散时间进行比较,确定人员疏散的安全与否,最后根据Pathfinder疏散仿真软件构建了成都火车北站1层和2层总体候车大厅模型,得出车站候车厅在各个时间段的人员疏散数量,最后确定了整个车站的人员疏散能力,推导出了成都火车北站1层2层候车区的最大允许容纳的人员数量。
[Abstract]:Large railway passenger station has the characteristics of large scale construction, high concentration of function and staff density. If fire occurs, it will not only be difficult to evacuate people, but also will cause a large number of casualties and property losses. Therefore, the study of large-scale railway passenger station fire-fighting capacity to ensure the safety of personnel plays a vital role. By analyzing the fire characteristics of large railway passenger station and analyzing the internal function area of large railway passenger station, the fire risk of large railway passenger station is identified in this paper. According to the fire load density and the fire heat release rate of each function area of the large railway passenger station, the grade of fire danger in the function area of the large railway passenger station is classified. The fire extinguishing capacity of large railway passenger station is characterized as the fire water consumption of fire hydrant in the station, and the calculation formula of fire water is given under the most unfavorable condition of the failure of sprinkler and exhaust smoke. Taking the soft seat waiting room of Chengdu North Railway Station as an example, the fire extinguishing ability and the probability of fire extinguishing success are calculated and evaluated. The anti-fire capacity of large railway passenger station is characterized as the amount of smoke produced by the fire prevention zone, and the calculation method is put forward. Based on the field investigation and the Pyrosim software, three kinds of fire scenarios are established by taking Chengdu Railway North Station as an example, and the results are analyzed, and the smoke diffusion situation and the critical evacuation time of the corresponding fire scene are obtained. To provide reasonable basis for evacuation. This paper puts forward a method to express the evacuation capacity of large railway passenger stations and analyzes the factors affecting the evacuation capacity of passenger stations. Through the establishment of railway station ticket gate, staircase, evacuation passage, safety exit model, using Pathfinder evacuation simulation software to obtain their passing capacity, analysis and comparison of the capacity to find out the bottleneck of evacuation, at the same time put forward the improvement measures. Taking the fire of soft mats waiting room in Chengdu railway station as an example, according to Pathfinder evacuation simulation software, the necessary evacuation time is obtained and compared with the critical evacuation time simulated in the scene to determine the safety of evacuation. Finally, according to Pathfinder evacuation simulation software, the model of the general waiting hall of Chengdu North Railway Station is constructed, and the evacuation quantity of the station waiting hall in each time period is obtained. Finally, the evacuation capacity of the whole station is determined. The maximum allowable number of personnel in the 1-story and 2-storey waiting area of Chengdu North Railway Station is derived.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U298.4;U291.6

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