基于二总线的电气火灾监控系统的设计

发布时间：2018-06-22 22:16

本文选题：二总线 + 通信协议　；参考：《杭州电子科技大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国的电气火灾形势持续严峻，电气火灾的发生频率和危害程度都在不断增加。面对这种形式，国家相关部门相继出台了各项政策，大力推动电气火灾的预防。因此电气火灾监控系统的产品越来越多，产品质量也是良莠不齐，许多产品具有成本偏高、结构复杂、故障率高等问题。目前我国市面上的电气火灾监控系统通信大都是采用RS485总线或CAN总线等现场总线方式，对网络布线要求较高。针对目前电气火灾监控系统产品存在的问题，本文提出将在火灾自动报警系统中成熟应用的二总线技术，，运用到电气火灾监控系统当中。其实，基于二总线的电气火灾监控系统产品市场上已经出现，但这类产品还有许多问题存在，比如总线上传输数据过少等。本文通过对已有的二总线协议的优化和完善，设计出分工明确、结构简单、成本少、故障率低的基于二总线的电气火灾监控系统产品。本文首先说明了基于二总线的电气火灾监控系统的研究意义，然后通过对一种在火灾自动报警系统中成熟应用的二总线技术进行认真的分析和解读，制定出自己的适用于电气火灾监控系统的二总线通信协议。其次，国家标准《电气火灾监控系统》（GB14287-2005）、《建筑设计防火规范》（GB50016-2006）等对电气火灾监控系统产品的设计、功能以及质量都做了规定和要求。本文根据这些标准和要求，结合市场实际需求，给出了系统的整体设计。系统主要有三部分组成：剩余电流式电气火灾监控探测器、电子编码器、监控设备。探测器本身没有电源电路，依靠总线实现供电及信息传递的分时复用。电子编码器的作用是实现对探测器的地址编码及剩余电流报警值的预置。电气火灾监控设备用于监测总线上各探测器的状态，一旦检测到线路上有报警状态或监控设备本身有故障，监控设备就会发出声光报警，并且存储各种报警或故障信息。同时监控设备有备用电源，可以保证其在短时间内不断电。本文详细介绍了监控系统中这三个部分的硬件设计和软件功能实现。硬件设计中着重介绍了探测器的剩余电流采样电路及二总线接口电路，电子编码器的升压电路及二总线接口电路，以及监控设备的主、备电源电路及人机交换部分等。在软件设计中，对监控系统的三个部分的微控制器都给出了详细的软件流程图，并对程序中主要部分进行了解析。最后，本文归纳总结了整个基于二总线的电气火灾监控系统的设计成果，且通过实践证明了其工作稳定可靠，可以达到国家标准的要求。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the situation of electric fire in our country continues to be grim, and the frequency and harm of electric fire are increasing. In the face of this form, the relevant departments have issued various policies to vigorously promote the prevention of electrical fires. Therefore, there are more and more products of electric fire monitoring system, and the quality of the products is also intermingled. Many products have the problems of high cost, complex structure, high failure rate and so on. At present, the communication of electric fire monitoring system in our country is mostly based on RS485 bus or can bus, which requires high network wiring. Aiming at the problems existing in the products of electric fire monitoring system, this paper puts forward that the two-bus technology, which is used in automatic fire alarm system, will be applied to the electric fire monitoring system. In fact, the electric fire monitoring system based on two-bus has appeared in the market, but there are still many problems in this kind of products, such as too little data transmission on the bus and so on. By optimizing and perfecting the existing two-bus protocol, this paper designs an electric fire monitoring system based on two-bus, which has the advantages of clear division of labor, simple structure, low cost and low failure rate. This paper first explains the significance of the electric fire monitoring system based on the two-bus, and then analyzes and interprets the two-bus technology which is used in the automatic fire alarm system. A two-bus communication protocol for electrical fire monitoring system is developed. Secondly, the national standard "Electrical Fire Monitoring system" (GB14287-2005) and the "Building Design Fire Prevention Code" (GB50016-2006) have made regulations and requirements for the design, function and quality of electrical fire monitoring system products. According to these standards and requirements, this paper gives the overall design of the system according to the actual market demand. The system consists of three parts: residual current electric fire monitoring detector, electronic encoder, monitoring equipment. The detector itself has no power supply circuit, and it relies on bus to realize time-sharing multiplexing of power supply and information transmission. The function of the electronic encoder is to realize the address coding of the detector and the presetting of the residual current alarm value. The electric fire monitoring equipment is used to monitor the state of each detector on the bus. Once it detects the alarm state on the line or the monitoring equipment itself has a fault, the monitoring equipment will send out the acousto-optic alarm and store all kinds of alarm or fault information. At the same time, the monitoring equipment has a backup power supply to ensure that it will not be cut off in a short period of time. This paper introduces the hardware design and software implementation of these three parts in detail. In the hardware design, the residual current sampling circuit and two bus interface circuit of the detector, the boost circuit of the electronic encoder and the two bus interface circuit, as well as the main and standby power supply circuit and the man-machine exchange part of the monitoring equipment are introduced emphatically. In the software design, the detailed software flow chart is given for the microcontrollers of the three parts of the monitoring system, and the main parts of the program are analyzed. Finally, this paper summarizes the design results of the whole electric fire monitoring system based on two-bus, and proves its work stability and reliability through practice, which can meet the requirements of the national standard.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X924.3;TP277

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