两种风险评估法在某黑色金属铸造企业职业健康风险评估中的应用

发布时间：2018-06-25 22:22

本文选题：风险评估 + 职业健康　；参考：《环境与职业医学》2017年10期

【摘要】：[目的]综合评估宁波市某黑色金属铸造企业接触矽尘岗位的职业健康风险,探讨职业危害风险指数法和国际采矿与金属委员会(ICMM)职业健康风险评估方法在该企业主要岗位职业健康风险评估中的适用性。[方法]应用职业危害风险指数法和ICMM职业健康风险评估法(分为风险评级表法和赋值定量法)对该企业开展职业卫生调查,并对产生矽尘的关键岗位开展风险评估。[结果]该企业为一家中型企业,职业病防护设施效果不良,制芯岗位和成型岗位矽尘呼吸性粉尘8 h时间加权平均浓度分别为0.92 mg/m3和0.79 mg/m3,超过职业接触限值。职业危害风险指数法评估结果显示制芯岗位和成型岗位接触矽尘致职业健康危害的等级为中度危害,需要采取减少接触时间、加强防护等控制措施,其余岗位为轻度危害。ICMM风险评级表法评估发现制芯岗位和成型岗位接触矽尘引起最常见危害和最严重危害的风险等级为高风险,其余岗位为中风险;ICMM赋值定量法对5个关键岗位的评估结果均为"不可接受的风险",需要采取"立即关停"的措施。[结论]ICMM风险评级表法评估的健康危害明确,评估结果和实际情况较为符合,在该企业接触矽尘岗位的职业健康风险评估中有较好的适用性。
[Abstract]:[objective] to evaluate the occupational health risk of exposure to silica dust in a ferrous metal foundry in Ningbo, This paper discusses the applicability of occupational hazard risk index method and ICMM occupational health risk assessment method to the occupational health risk assessment in the main positions of the enterprise. [methods] Occupational health survey was carried out by using occupational hazard risk index method and ICMM occupational health risk assessment method (including risk rating table method and assignment quantitative method), and the risk assessment was carried out on the key posts producing silica dust. [results] this enterprise is a medium-sized enterprise, the effect of occupational disease protection facilities is not good, the weighted average concentration of dust breathing dust in core-making post and molding post is 0.92 mg/m3 and 0.79 mg / m ~ 3 respectively, which exceeds the occupational exposure limit. The evaluation results of occupational hazard risk index method showed that the occupational health hazards caused by exposure to silica dust in core manufacturing and molding positions were moderately hazardous, and some control measures such as reducing exposure time and strengthening protection were needed. The remaining positions are mild hazard. ICMM risk rating table method has found that the most common hazards and the most serious hazards caused by exposure to silica dust in core-making and molding positions are of high risk. The results of the evaluation of the five key positions by ICMM quantitative method are "unacceptable risk", so it is necessary to take the measures of "closing immediately". [conclusion] the health hazard assessed by ICMM risk rating table method is clear, and the evaluation results are in good agreement with the actual situation, which is suitable for the occupational health risk assessment of the enterprise exposed to silica dust.
【作者单位】：宁波市疾病预防控制中心环境与职业卫生所浙江省微量有毒化学物健康风险评估技术研究重点实验室;浙江省疾病预防控制中心环境与职业卫生所;
【基金】：浙江省医药科技项目(编号:2013KYA042)
【分类号】：R134

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