硐室型采场快速排烟除尘通风方法的实验研究

发布时间：2018-06-26 03:49

本文选题：爆破作业 + 单向流通风　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着采矿业的迅速发展,各种污染物也显著增加。在金属矿地下开采过程中,必须采用爆破作业,而产生大量的粉尘和炮烟是井下作业场所的主要污染源,严重恶化了井下生产环境,危害井下工人的身体健康和生命安全,影响井下安全生产。在地下开采中,硐室型采场的几何条件不规则,作业地点不断变化,污染物分布情况尤其复杂。因此,针对矿山地下开采过程中出现的大量爆破污染物和柴油设备尾气,采取有效的措施进行防治是十分必要的。本论文通过大量查阅文献,结合某金属矿山硐室型采场的实际情况,发现在地下扁平硐室开采过程中,爆破烟尘的高效排除一直是一个难题,论文针对传统的抽出式通风除尘不能够快速排除烟尘,从而会导致排尘的效率很低,提出单向流通风方式,从而提高了排尘的效率和改善了通风效果。通过构建模型进行实验研究,测定扁平型硐室采场模型内各测点的烟尘浓度和通风排烟雾时间,并应用数理统计方法对数据相关性进行分析。使用回归分析建立不同变量之间相关性的数学表达式,从而利用其进行预测和控制硐室型采场中测点烟尘浓度随通风时间的变化规律。通过实验现象和实验数据分析表明,在相同供风量的实验条件下,非单向流通风方式排除烟雾的时间较长,单向流通风方式时间较短。单向流通风方式在硐室型采场模型出风口的风量为0.08m3/s,局部加压射流风机的总风量为0.06m3/s,试验中安装四台局部加压射流小型风机,射流风机出口与硐室模型长度方向呈60°夹角,所以每台小型射流风机的风量为0.015m3/s,排除烟雾时间为14s,可以形成较为理想的单向流,通风效果最佳,烟雾浓度就可以降到满足环境作业要求。单向流通风方式可以提高通风效率、减少通风能耗,并且在硐室型采场中使用这种通风方式是首创,具有鲜明的新颖性。在射流的作用下,整个采场中的风流按预定的路线流动,形成单向流通风。采用这种通风方式,通风量小,排除尘、烟速度快,通风效果好;它可以较好的解决采用非单向流通风,通风量大、效果差的问题。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of mining industry, a variety of pollutants also significantly increased. In the process of underground mining of metal mines, blasting work must be adopted, and a large amount of dust and smoke are the main pollution sources in underground working places, which seriously deteriorate the underground production environment and endanger the health and life safety of underground workers. Influence downhole safety production. In underground mining, the geometric conditions of cavern stope are irregular, the working site is constantly changing, and the distribution of pollutants is especially complicated. Therefore, it is necessary to take effective measures to prevent and cure a large number of blasting pollutants and diesel equipment exhaust gas in underground mining. By consulting a large number of documents and combining with the actual situation of cavern type stope in a metal mine, it is found that in the process of underground flat chamber mining, the efficient removal of blasting smoke dust is always a difficult problem. Aiming at the fact that the traditional ventilation and dust removal method can not remove the dust quickly, the efficiency of dust removal is very low, so the unidirectional air flow mode is put forward, which improves the efficiency of dust removal and the ventilation effect. The smoke and dust concentration and the time of ventilation and exhaust smoke in each measuring point of flat chamber stope model were measured by constructing the model and the correlation of the data was analyzed by mathematical statistics method. Regression analysis was used to establish the mathematical expression of correlation between different variables, so as to predict and control the variation law of smoke and dust concentration with ventilation time at measuring points in cavern stope. The experimental phenomena and experimental data analysis show that under the same air supply rate, the smoke removal time is longer in the non-unidirectional air flow mode and shorter in the one-way air flow mode. The air volume at the outlet of the chamber type stope model is 0.08 m3 / s, and the total air volume of the local pressurized jet fan is 0.06 m3 / s. Four local pressurized jet fans are installed in the test. The outlet of the jet fan and the length of the chamber model are at an angle of 60 掳. Therefore, the air volume of each small jet fan is 0.015 m3 / s, and the smoke removal time is 14 s, which can form an ideal unidirectional flow, and the ventilation effect is the best, and the smoke concentration can be reduced to meet the requirements of environmental operation. The unidirectional ventilation mode can improve the ventilation efficiency and reduce the ventilation energy consumption, and the use of this ventilation mode in the cavern stope is the first and has a bright novelty. Under the action of jet, the wind flow in the whole stope flows according to the predetermined route, forming a unidirectional flow wind. By adopting this ventilation mode, the ventilation rate is small, the dust removal rate is high, the smoke speed is fast and the ventilation effect is good, which can solve the problem of adopting non-unidirectional circulation air, large ventilation volume and bad effect.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD714.4;TD724

【参考文献】