黑龙江省机场鸟类调查与鸟击防范对策

发布时间：2018-06-26 11:02

本文选题：黑龙江省七个机场 + 鸟类调查　；参考：《东北林业大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：2011年4月—2012年4月,分别对黑龙江省内的机场周边主要为农田生境的哈尔滨机场和鸡西机场,机场周边主要为湿地生境的齐齐哈尔机场和大庆机场,机场周边主要为树林生境的伊春机场、黑河机场和漠河机场这7个机场飞行区内全天出现的鸟种类和数量进行了系统的调查。分析主要在农田生境、湿地生境、林地生境下机场鸟类组成特点和活动状况,并采用Geo InSight国际有限公司根据合同与美国空军共同开发了USBAM的避鸟模型,分别对7个机场飞行区内不同季节出现的鸟种进行鸟击危险指数测定及排序,确定威胁各机场飞行安全的危险鸟种及其威胁状况。对黑龙江省机场飞行区鸟类群落组成和群落结构分析结果如下：哈尔滨太平国际机场飞行区内共记录到鸟类7目17科33种,其中夏候鸟18种,留鸟8种,旅鸟5种,冬候鸟2种；鸡西机场飞行区内共记录到鸟类10目18科37种,其中夏候鸟23种,留鸟8种,旅鸟5种,冬候鸟1种；齐齐哈尔机场飞行区内共记录到鸟类10目18科33种,其中夏候鸟21种,留鸟8种,旅鸟3种,冬候鸟1种；大庆萨尔图机场飞行区内共记录到鸟类10目18科33种,其中夏候鸟20种,留鸟8种,旅鸟4种,冬候鸟1种；伊春机场飞行区内共记录到鸟类10目18科38种,其中夏候鸟23种,留鸟10种,旅鸟5种；黑河机场飞行区内共记录到鸟类8目18科35种,其中夏候鸟18种,留鸟9种,旅鸟5种,冬候鸟3种；漠河机场飞行区内共记录到鸟类8目17科39种,其中夏候鸟20种,留鸟11种,旅鸟4种,冬候鸟4种。各机场各个季度的鸟类群落结构的差异：春季齐齐哈尔机场与大庆机场的相似度最高,鸡西机场与黑河机场的相似度最低；夏季哈尔滨机场与鸡西机场相似度最高,大庆机场与伊春机场相似度最低；秋季齐齐哈尔机场与大庆机场相似度最高,鸡西机场与漠河机场相似度最低；冬季哈尔滨机场、鸡西机场、齐齐哈尔机场、大庆机场相似度均较高,漠河机场与其它机场相似度较低。各机场各个季度的鸟类群落结构指数的差异：春季和夏季伊春机场多样性指数最高,鸡西机场多样性指数均最低,春季和夏季哈尔滨机场均匀度指数最高,鸡西机场均匀度指数均最低；秋季大庆机场多样性指数和均匀度指数均最高,秋季哈尔滨机场多样性指数最低,秋季黑河机场均匀度指数最低；冬季黑河机场多样性指数和均匀度指数均最高,冬季鸡西机场均最低。根据黑龙江省这7个机场实际情况有针对性地提出鸟击防范对策,力图最大限度地减少机场对鸟类的吸引力。
[Abstract]:From April 2011 to April 2012, Harbin Airport and Jixi Airport, which are mainly surrounded by farmland and habitat in Heilongjiang Province, and Qiqihar Airport and Daqing Airport in Wetland Habitat around the airport, respectively. The bird species and the number of birds appeared all day in the seven airport flight areas of Yichun Airport, Heihe Airport and Mohe Airport, which are mainly forested around the airport, were investigated systematically. This paper analyzes the characteristics and activities of airport birds in farmland habitat, wetland habitat and woodland habitat, and uses Geo InSight International Co., Ltd. to develop a bird avoidance model of USBAM in accordance with the contract with the United States Air Force. The bird species in different seasons in seven airports were measured and sorted to determine the dangerous bird species and their threat status which threatened the flight safety of each airport. The community composition and community structure of birds were analyzed as follows: in Harbin Taiping International Airport, 33 species of birds belonging to 17 families and 7 orders were recorded, including 18 species of summer birds, 8 species of resident birds and 5 species of traveller birds. A total of 10 orders, 18 families and 37 species of birds, including 23 species of summer birds, 8 species of resident birds, 5 species of traveling birds and 1 species of winter migratory birds, were recorded in the flying area of Jixi Airport, and 33 species of birds belonging to 18 families, 10 orders and 18 families were recorded in the flying area of Qiqihar Airport. Among them, 21 species of summer birds, 8 species of resident birds, 3 species of travelers, 1 species of winter migratory birds, 10 orders, 18 families and 33 species of birds were recorded in the flying area of Daqing Saltu Airport, including 20 species of summer birds, 8 species of resident birds, 4 species of travelers and 1 species of winter migratory birds. A total of 38 species of birds belonging to 18 families and 10 orders were recorded in the flying area of Yichun Airport, including 23 species of summer birds, 10 species of resident birds and 5 species of traveling birds, and 35 species of birds belonging to 18 families and 8 orders were recorded in the flying area of Heihe Airport, of which 18 species were summer birds and 9 species were resident birds. There are 5 species of traveling birds and 3 species of winter migratory birds, and 39 species of birds belonging to 17 families and 8 orders are recorded in the flying area of Mohe Airport, including 20 species of summer birds, 11 species of resident birds, 4 species of traveller birds and 4 species of winter migratory birds. The differences of bird community structure in different seasons were as follows: the similarity between Qiqihar Airport and Daqing Airport was the highest in spring, the similarity between Jixi Airport and Heihe Airport was the lowest, and the similarity between Harbin Airport and Jixi Airport was the highest in summer. Daqing airport and Yichun airport have the lowest similarity; Qiqihar airport and Daqing airport have the highest similarity in autumn, Jixi airport and Mohe airport have the lowest similarity; in winter, Harbin airport, Jixi airport, Qiqihar airport, The similarity between Daqing Airport and other airports is high, and the similarity between Mohe Airport and other airports is low. The diversity index of bird community was the highest in spring and summer, the lowest in Jixi airport, and the highest in Harbin in spring and summer. The diversity index and evenness index of Daqing airport were the highest in autumn, the diversity index of Harbin airport in autumn was the lowest, and the evenness index of Heihe airport in autumn was the lowest. The diversity index and evenness index of Heihe Airport were the highest in winter and the lowest in winter. According to the actual situation of the seven airports in Heilongjiang Province, the countermeasures of bird strike prevention are put forward in order to reduce the attraction of the airport to the birds as far as possible.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：Q958;V328;V351

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