HFACS与24 Model:不安全动作原因的对比研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 13:56

  本文选题：安全管理工程 + HFACS　； 参考：《安全与环境学报》2017年02期

【摘要】：不安全动作的定义、分类与识别尚未有统一标准,这给事故分析与预防带来许多困难。基于此,对人因分析与分类系统(HFACS)和24 Model中的不安全动作层面进行对比研究。在不安全动作对应方面:HFACS中的不安全动作均能对应到24 Model中的不安全动作,但HFACS没有涉及24 Model中不违章、未引起事故但高风险的不安全动作,因而无法实现事前预防。在间接原因对应方面,HFACS中不安全动作的产生原因均可与24 Model中的1个或多个间接原因相对应;HFACS中不安全动作的产生涉及较多生理、心理层面的原因,而考虑到实用性原则,24 Model暂未给出该两方面原因的具体分类方法。在不安全动作发出者方面:24 Model涉及组织内各层级人员,而HFACS仅指一线员工。在实际应用方面:两种模型均可用于不安全动作原因的统计分析;24 Model给出的不安全动作分类范围较HFACS广,在事故分析时所受局限性小,但易造成不安全动作遗漏;在用24 Model进行不安全动作分析时,应尽量细化动作分类及分析的深入程度,以及动作发出者的员工层级。
[Abstract]:The definition, classification and recognition of unsafe actions have not yet been standardized, which brings many difficulties to accident analysis and prevention. Based on this, the unsafe action level in human factor analysis and classification system (HFACS) and 24 Model is compared. The unsafe action in the: HFACS can correspond to the unsafe action in the 24 Model, but the unsafe action in the 24 Model is not involved in the HFACS, which does not cause the accident but the unsafe action with high risk, so it can not be prevented beforehand. In terms of indirect cause correspondence, the causes of unsafe action in HFACS can be compared with one or more indirect reasons in 24 Model. The occurrence of unsafe action in HFACS involves more physiological and psychological reasons. However, considering the practical principle, 24 Model does not give a specific classification method for these two reasons. For unsafe action issuers, the: 24 Model involves people at all levels of the organization, while HFACS refers only to frontline employees. In practical application, the two models can be used to analyze the cause of unsafe action. The classification range of unsafe action given by 24 Model is wider than that of HFACS, and the limitation in accident analysis is small, but it is easy to cause the omission of unsafe action. When analyzing unsafe actions with 24 Model, we should try to refine the depth of action classification and analysis, as well as the employee level of the action issuer.
【作者单位】： 中国矿业大学(北京)资源与安全工程学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金重点项目(51534008)
【分类号】：X928
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本文编号：2074136