铁路超重货物安全运输基本理论与应用的研究

发布时间：2018-07-01 10:03

本文选题：铁路运输 + 超重货物　；参考：《北京交通大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：超重货物主要包括发电设备、大型机械、化工设备等,它们大多为国家经济建设的重点设备,不仅外形大、重量大、结构复杂,且价值高,对国家经济发展有重要的影响。对这些货物必须保证安全及时地运输。但是,超重货物这个概念在我国铁路货物运输工作中使用的时间短,在2007年第一次出现在相关的货运规则中。而在规则中只是对超重货物的概念和等级划分做了简单定义,这些定义又过于理想化,与实际情况有一定的距离。同时,目前对超重货物运输的研究还十分匮乏,仅有的研究也只是对现象的定性描述。由于没有相应的理论体系和完善的规章制度,使得实际工作中对超重货物的理解有偏差,如何组织运输缺乏依据,造成工作的被动及失误。因此,对超重货物安全运输基本理论和相关问题进行深入研究和探讨,建立一套完整的理论体系,是指导超重货物运输组织工作所迫切需要的。论文综合运用结构力学、轨道工程、桥梁工程、有限元计算、铁路货运技术、最优化理论等有关理论与方法,对超重货物运输的理论和应用问题进行了研究,同时结合试验数据和相关算例对研究结果进行了分析验证。主要研究成果和结论包括： (1)对超重货物的内涵和特征进行了分析,提出了超重货物的新定义。根据国内外不同运输方式中使用的相关概念,深入剖析了超重货物的内涵,进而对超重货物重新进行了定义,并分析总结了其应具备的特征和超重产生的原因。论文也对超重货物运输中的相关概念进行了定义,并与几个易混淆概念进行了比较分析。新定义能全面反映超重货物对铁路基础设施的影响并体现出对运输组织方面的要求,克服了原有定义的不足。 (2)探讨了超重货物运输涉及的因素,分析了各因素对超重货物运输的影响。认为影响超重货物运输的主要因素包括货物、车辆、桥梁、线路、建筑限界和装载加固方案等,它们决定着超重货物运输组织的难度、运行条件的复杂程度、运输费用的高低、运输基础设施的安全性,组织运输时必须综合考虑这些因素。这部分的分析为论文确定了方向,也是论文进一步研究的基础。 (3)对超重车对线路和桥梁的作用机理进行了研究。选择典型线路和桥梁,以D2型超重车为例,分别建立了超重车作用下轨道和桥梁的有限元计算模型,进行了不同参数条件下的轨道结构和桥梁的受力与变形计算；选择常用各类机车进行计算,并与超重车作用于线桥的情况进行了比较与分析；结合运营试验和有关规范,考虑了动静荷载的关系,对有限元计算结果进行了检验。研究结果表明,超重车对线桥的作用一般大于常用机车,易造成线桥的损坏。 (4)提出了超重等级的划分及判定方法。针对目前超重等级划分中存在的问题,论文对超重车重心(货物重心)有偏移时对桥梁的作用荷载进行了理论分析与推导,给出了偏载系数的概念和计算公式,重新确定了活载系数的通用计算公式,从而提出了超重等级的划分方法并给出了判定依据,最后用一算例验证了新的等级划分方法的合理性。新的超重等级的划分不仅考虑了符合设计标准的桥梁,也考虑了承载能力不足、未达到设计标准的桥梁情况,比现行方法更能真实地反映超重程度；新的等级判定计算,综合考虑了重车(货物)偏心的情况和运行径路的桥梁情况,更加合理和符合实际。 (5)提出了超重货物安全运输的措施应从改善超重货物运输方案着手的思想,并给出了超重货物运输方案优化设计的原则和方法。根据超重货物运输方案的主要组成内容,以减少或改善超重车对桥梁和轨道的作用为主要目标,分别从车辆的选择、装载方案的设计、车辆的编组以及曲线速度和过桥速度等方面对超重货物运输方案提出相关要求并进行优化设计,给出了相应的计算公式。最后以算例分析了超重货物在不同的运输方案下的效果。论文首次从运输组织角度对超重货物运输的基本理论和应用问题进行了系统的分析与探讨,并建立起超重货物安全运输的基本理论框架。论文研究得出的有关规律和结论将为完善规章、提高运输组织和管理水平提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:The overweight goods mainly include power generation equipment, large machinery, chemical equipment and so on. Most of them are key equipment of national economic construction. They are not only large in shape, large in weight, complex in structure, but also of high value. They have important influence on the economic development of the country. It is necessary to ensure that the goods are transported in a timely manner to these goods.
However, the concept of overweight goods is used in our country's railway freight transportation for a short time, and it first appeared in the relevant freight rules in 2007. In the rules, the concept and grade division of overweight goods are simply defined. These definitions are too idealized and have a certain distance from the actual situation. At the same time, they are right. The study of the transport of overweight goods is still very scarce, and the only research is only a qualitative description of the phenomenon. Because there is no corresponding theoretical system and perfect rules and regulations, there is a deviation in the understanding of the overweight goods in the actual work, the lack of basis for the organization of transportation, the passive and error of the work. Carrying out in-depth study and Discussion on basic theory and related issues and establishing a complete theoretical system are urgently needed to guide the work of overweight freight transport organization.
In this paper, the theories and methods of structural mechanics, track engineering, bridge engineering, finite element calculation, railway freight technology, optimization theory and other relevant theories and methods are used to study the theory and application of the transport of overweight goods, and the results of the research are analyzed and verified with the experimental data and related examples.
The main research results and conclusions include:
(1) the connotation and characteristics of overweight goods are analyzed, and a new definition of overweight goods is put forward. According to the related concepts used in different modes of transportation at home and abroad, the connotation of overweight goods is deeply analyzed, and then the overweight goods are redefined, and the characteristics and reasons for overweight are analyzed and summarized. The related concepts in the transportation of overweight goods are defined and compared with several confused concepts. The new definition can fully reflect the influence of overweight goods on railway infrastructure and reflect the requirements on transportation organization, and overcome the shortcomings of the original definition.
(2) the factors involved in the transport of overweight goods are discussed, and the influence of various factors on the transport of overweight goods is analyzed. The main factors affecting the transport of overweight goods include goods, vehicles, bridges, lines, construction limits and loading and reinforcement schemes, which determine the difficulty of transportation organization for overweight goods, the complexity of operating conditions, and transportation costs. The safety of the transportation infrastructure and the transportation of the transport infrastructure must be taken into consideration. The analysis of this part determines the direction of the paper and is the basis of the further study of the paper.
(3) study the action mechanism of the overweight vehicle to the line and bridge. Select the typical line and bridge, take the D2 type overweight vehicle as an example, set up the finite element calculation model of the track and Bridge under the action of the overweight vehicle respectively, carry out the track structure and the bridge's stress and deformation under different parameters, choose the commonly used locomotives. On the basis of comparison and analysis with the condition of the overweight vehicle acting on the bridge, the relationship between the dynamic and static loads is considered and the results of the finite element calculation are examined. The results show that the effect of the overweight vehicle on the bridge is generally greater than that of the common locomotive, and it is easy to cause the damage of the bridge.
(4) the classification and determination method of the overweight grade is put forward. In view of the existing problems in the classification of overweight grade, the paper analyzes and deduces the action load of the bridge when the gravity center of the weight of the overweight vehicle is offset, and gives the concept and calculation formula of the partial load coefficient, and reconfirms the general calculation formula of the live load coefficient. The classification method of overweight grade is put forward and the judgment basis is given. Finally, the rationality of the new classification method is verified by an example. The new grade division not only considers the bridge that meets the design standard, but also considers the bridge condition that the load capacity is insufficient and the design standard is not reached, which is more true than the current method. It reflects the overweight degree, and the new grade decision calculation takes into account the eccentricity of heavy vehicles (goods) and the situation of bridges running on roads, which is more reasonable and practical.
(5) put forward the idea that the measures for the safe transportation of overweight goods should begin with the improvement of the transport scheme for overweight goods, and give the principles and methods for the optimal design of the transportation scheme for overweight goods. The selection of the vehicle, the design of the loading scheme, the formation of the vehicle, the speed of the curve and the speed of the bridge, and so on, the relevant requirements for the transportation scheme of the overweight goods are put forward and the optimum design is made, and the corresponding calculation formula is given. Finally, the results of the overweight goods under the different transport cases are analyzed with an example.
This paper makes a systematic analysis and Discussion on the basic theory and application of the transport of overweight goods from the point of view of transport organization, and establishes the basic theoretical framework for the safe transportation of overweight goods. The relevant laws and conclusions obtained in this paper will provide a theoretical basis for improving the regulations and improving the level of transportation organization and management.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U298;U294.6

【引证文献】