加速器驱动次临界堆物项安全分级方法研究

发布时间：2018-07-01 12:43

本文选题：加速器驱动次临界系统 + 铅铋冷却反应堆　；参考：《深圳大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：加速驱动次临界系统是一种新型的核废料嬗变、核燃料增殖及能量生产的核能系统。该系统主要由质子加速器、散裂靶和次临界堆组成,利用加速器产生的质子轰击重金属散裂靶产生的散裂中子驱动反应堆中的核燃料发生核反应,实现嬗变处理核废料、增殖核燃料、生产能量等功能。铅铋合金具有良好的中子学、热工水力学和安全特性,铅铋冷却反应堆被选作中国加速驱动次临界堆的主要发展方向。中国科学院核能安全技术研究所?FDS团队完成了加速器驱动次临界铅铋冷却反应堆的概念设计。反应堆的物项(构筑物、系统和部件)对反应堆的安全影响程度不同,因此需要根据物项对反应堆安全重要影响程度的不同将物项进行分类,这就是反应堆的安全分级。反应堆物项安全等级的正确划分是各项管理要求和规定的基础。正确划分铅铋冷却反应堆安全等级是选择和采用合适的抗震水平、设计规范和质量保证等级的前提。因此,在铅铋冷却反应堆的设计阶段,就必须对铅铋冷却反应堆物项进行安全等级的划分。目前,国际上还没有公布针对铅铋冷却反应堆物项安全分级的规范和导则。本论文以铅铋冷却反应堆为研究对象进行安全分级方法的初步研究。首先,调研了国内外针对压水堆、沸水堆的确定论安全分级方法和risk-informed的安全分级方法;其次,根据上述确定论安全分级方法的一般流程,采用主逻辑图法推导出适用于铅铋冷却反应堆的安全功能,然后对安全功能进行安全等级的划分,最后确定出安全功能适用的物项,这就是针对铅铋冷却反应堆的确定论安全分级方法;再次,根据铅铋冷却反应堆的特点提出了针对铅铋冷却反应堆的risk-informed的安全分级方法体系;最后分别运用以上两种方法对铅铋冷却反应堆的冷却剂系统和铅铋工艺系统进行实例分级研究。通过上述两种方法的对比分析可以得出,risk-informed安全分级适用范围有限,但risk-informed安全分级比确定论安全分级更加详细和合理。未来主要工作可以考虑放在对铅铋冷却反应堆其它系统的确定论安全分级和risk-informed的安全分级上,并通过分级结果进一1步完善上述两种安全分级方法。
[Abstract]:Accelerated drive subcritical system is a new nuclear energy system for nuclear waste transmutation, nuclear fuel proliferation and energy production. The system is mainly composed of proton accelerator, spallation target and subcritical reactor. The nuclear fuel in the reactor driven by spallation neutron driven by heavy metal spallation target is bombarded by the proton produced by the accelerator to realize the transmutation treatment of nuclear waste. Proliferation of nuclear fuel, production of energy and other functions. Lead bismuth alloy has good neutron, thermal hydraulics and safety properties. Lead bismuth cooling reactor is selected as the main development direction of accelerating drive subcritical reactor in China. The FDS team of the Institute of Nuclear Safety Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has completed the conceptual design of a subcritical lead bismuth cooled reactor driven by an accelerator. Reactor items (structures, systems and components) have different effects on reactor safety, so it is necessary to classify items according to their importance to reactor safety, which is called reactor safety classification. The correct classification of reactor item safety level is the basis of all management requirements and regulations. Correctly dividing the safety grade of lead bismuth cooling reactor is the premise of selecting and adopting appropriate seismic level, design code and quality assurance grade. Therefore, in the design stage of lead bismuth cooling reactor, the safety grade of lead bismuth cooling reactor must be classified. At present, there are no international standards and guidelines for the safety classification of lead-bismuth cooling reactor items. In this thesis, lead-bismuth cooling reactor is studied as the primary method of safety classification. Firstly, the safety classification method of PWR and boiling water reactor and the safety classification method of risk-informed are investigated; secondly, the general process of safety classification method based on the above determination theory is discussed. The safety function suitable for lead bismuth cooling reactor is deduced by using the main logic diagram method. Then the safety function is classified and the items applicable to the safety function are determined. This is the safety classification method for lead bismuth cooled reactor. Thirdly, according to the characteristics of lead bismuth cooling reactor, the safety classification method system for lead bismuth cooled reactor risk-informed is put forward. Finally, the coolant system and lead-bismuth process system of lead bismuth cooling reactor are studied by the two methods mentioned above. Through the comparison and analysis of the above two methods, it can be concluded that the application range of risk-formed security classification is limited, but the risk-informed security classification is more detailed and reasonable than the deterministic theory of security classification. In the future, the main work can be considered on the safety classification of other systems of lead bismuth cooling reactor and the safety classification of risk-informed, and the two safety classification methods mentioned above can be improved one step further through the result of the classification.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TL364

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