石化企业高架火炬安全距离确定方法与实验研究

发布时间：2018-07-02 09:19

本文选题：高架火炬 + 安全距离　；参考：《华南理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：高架火炬是石化企业中最常用的一种安全保障设施。高架火炬安全距离的大小直接关系到石化企业的建设投资、土地资源。国内外没有一个统一且公认精准的高架火炬安全距离的计算方法，因此研究如何能够在保证安全的前提下科学合理的确定高架火炬的最小安全距离，为完善有关高架火炬安全距离确定方法的规范提供相关依据具有重要意义。本文在高架火炬射流火焰模拟实验研究和对比常见高架火炬安全距离确定方法的基础上，建立了基于分区域的多点源的高架火炬安全距离计算模型，并利用CFD技术对高架火炬射流火焰进行数值模拟分析。主要研究内容如下：（1）高架火炬射流火焰特性研究。通过建立高架火炬射流火焰小尺寸实验平台，分析了高架火炬中射流火焰的特性，即火焰几何特性、火焰温度、火焰热辐射分布等规律，并对不同风速条件下，射流火焰倾斜角度变化规律进行了研究，为后续合理地提出新的高架火炬安全距离计算模型提供依据，以及为检验数值模拟结果的合理性提供对比参考。（2）建立基于分区域的多点源高架火炬安全距离计算模型。在实验研究射流火焰特性规律及对比分析常见安全距离计算方法基础上，结合固体火焰模型与点源模型各自的优点，，对现有常见的高架火炬安全距离计算模型进行改进，建立了基于分区域的多点源高架火炬安全距离计算模型，引入了最大风玫瑰图，根据安全辐射热强度和不同方位的风速来合理确定高架火炬的安全距离。（3）研究CFD技术在高架火炬安全距离数值模拟方面的应用。针对小尺寸实验，选用涡耗散概念（EDC）燃烧模型和带浮力修正的CFD湍流模型对射流火焰进行数值模拟，与实验进行了对比，检验该方法在射流火焰数值模拟方面的合理性。并利用该数值模拟方法对工程实际中的大尺寸高架火炬射流火焰进行数值模拟，对数值结果进行分析，为下文检验改进模型在工程中应用的优越性提供参考。（4）工程应用及有效性分析。以广东省某石化企业高架火炬为例，根据建立的基于分区域的多点源高架火炬安全距离计算模型来计算该高架火炬的安全距离，同时将结果与数值模拟值、常见单点源模型计算值、常见多点源模型计算值对比分析，检验及说明了基于分区域的多点源高架火炬安全距离计算模型结果的合理性和优越性。
[Abstract]:Elevated torch is one of the most commonly used safety and security facilities in petrochemical enterprises. The safety distance of the elevated torch is directly related to the construction investment and land resources of petrochemical enterprises. There is not a unified and accurate calculation method for the safety distance of the elevated torch at home and abroad. Therefore, how to scientifically and reasonably determine the minimum safety distance of the elevated torch under the premise of ensuring safety is studied. It is of great significance to improve the criterion of safety distance determination of elevated torch. Based on the experimental study of flame simulation of elevated torch jet and the comparison of common methods for determining the safety distance of elevated torch, a multi-point source model for calculating the safety distance of elevated torch based on sub-region is established in this paper. CFD technique is used to simulate the flame of elevated torch jet. The main contents are as follows: (1) study on flame characteristics of elevated torch jet. In this paper, the characteristics of jet flame in elevated torch are analyzed by setting up a small scale experimental platform, namely, flame geometry characteristics, flame temperature, flame thermal radiation distribution and so on, and the characteristics of jet flame in elevated torch are analyzed under different wind speed conditions, such as flame geometry, flame temperature, flame thermal radiation distribution and so on. The variation law of jet flame tilt angle is studied, which provides a basis for a new safe distance calculation model for elevated torch. It also provides a comparative reference for checking the rationality of the numerical simulation results. (2) the safety distance calculation model of multi-point source elevated torch based on sub-region is established. On the basis of the experimental study on the characteristics of jet flame and the comparison and analysis of common safe distance calculation methods, combined with the advantages of solid flame model and point source model, the existing common calculation model of safe distance of elevated torch is improved. The safety distance calculation model of multi-point source elevated torch based on sub-region is established, and the most gale rose map is introduced. According to the heat intensity of safety radiation and wind speed of different directions, the safe distance of elevated torch can be reasonably determined. (3) the application of CFD technology in numerical simulation of safety distance of elevated torch is studied. The numerical simulation of jet flame is carried out by using the vortex dissipation concept (EDC) combustion model and the CFD turbulence model with buoyancy correction. The numerical simulation results are compared with the experimental results, and the rationality of the method in the numerical simulation of jet flame is tested. The numerical simulation method is used to simulate the flame of large scale elevated torch jet in engineering practice, and the numerical results are analyzed. It provides a reference for testing the superiority of the improved model in engineering application below. (4) Engineering application and effectiveness analysis. Taking the elevated torch of a petrochemical enterprise in Guangdong province as an example, the safety distance of the elevated torch is calculated according to the established multi-point source overhead torch safety distance model based on sub-region, and the result and numerical simulation value are also given. The calculation values of common single point source model and common multi point source model are compared and analyzed. The rationality and superiority of the results of multi-point source elevated torch safety distance calculation model based on sub-area are verified and explained.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X924.4;X937

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