煤层底板突水的“破裂致突、渗流致突”机理与工程实践

发布时间：2018-07-04 22:19

本文选题：突水机理 + 阻水能力　；参考：《中国矿业大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：煤层底板隔水层在承压水作用下的破坏和突水事故是构成我国华北型煤矿安全生产的主要威胁，因此，研究其突水机理对于有效防治水患威胁、保证煤矿生产安全具有极其重要的现实意义。本文研究的核心内容有二个，其一是研究煤层底板承压水作用下隔水层的突水机理，即科学问题；其二是用突水机理理论来解决煤矿防治水害的工程实践问题，即技术问题。本研究认为：煤层底板突水问题集中表现为承压水与隔水层之间的相互作用，在这个作用过程中，承压水突破隔水层的阻隔形成突水通道而突水，这个突水通道既不同于隔水层的渗透通道，也不同于含水层的渗透通道，而是一种新型的、与“管道”性质类似的水流通道，因此，煤层底板突水机理就是突水通道在底板隔水层中的形成机理。在研究突水机理问题时，首先得出：所有的突水事故都与隔水层的非完整性有关，从而在“岩体结构”及“不连续介质模型”的前提下，提出了突水机理就是（承压水作用下）隔水层的原有结构面扩张而转化为突水通道的作用机理；其次是通过典型现场试验成果的发现和应用对“原始导升高度”进行溯源追踪，指出原始导升高度是承压水在隔水层的渗透高度，是隔水层渗透性的表现，不是突水通道的发育高度；第三，通过对典型突水案例的系统分析，根据突水通道的形成方式把煤层底板突水模式归结为“破裂致突”和“渗流致突”两种类型，并提出渗流致突的临突判据；第四，设计并完成了渗流致突的两个模拟试验。一方面，为揭示出渗流致突的发生机理，设计了微管阻水试验和微管流量试验；另一方面，为验证前面的机理，设计了相似材料的突水通道试验，通过突水通道的断面形态来完整地呈现突水通道形成的过程。第五，专门研究了“突水系数”的问题，提出突水系数是表示突水“征兆”的一个警示性参数，评价矿井生产安全的最终指标是涌水量或突水量，以及据此配备的防排水设施，而非突水系数。通过以上的研究，完整准确地展示出渗流致突的突水机理。把突水机理理论应用于煤矿的防治水工程实践的关键是研究“疏水降压”和“含水层改造”技术。研究指出：它们的共同特点和核心内容都是研究煤层底板隔水层的阻水能力，，把隔水层的阻水能力作为设计防治水工作的依据。比较并研究了我国煤矿目前广泛应用的“疏水降压”和“含水层改造”技术，最后，以平顶山矿区疏水降压的成果展现了该技术的巨大优势。
[Abstract]:The destruction and water inrush accident of coal seams under the action of confined water are the main threats to the safety production of North China coal mines. Therefore, to study the mechanism of water inrush is an effective threat to the prevention and treatment of flood. It is of great practical significance to ensure the safety of coal mine production. There are two core contents in this paper, one is to study the mechanism of water inrush in the water-separating layer under the action of confined water on coal seam floor, the other is to use the theory of water-inrush mechanism to solve the engineering practice problem of preventing and controlling water hazard in coal mine, that is, technical problem. In this study, it is concluded that the water inrush problem of coal seam floor is concentrated on the interaction between confined water and water barrier. In this process, pressurized water breaks through the barrier of water barrier to form water inrush passage and water inrush. This channel of water inrush is different from both the permeation channel of the barrier layer and the permeation channel of the aquifer, but is a new type of flow channel similar to the nature of the "pipeline", so, The water inrush mechanism of coal seam floor is the formation mechanism of water inrush passage in the water barrier of floor. When studying the mechanism of water inrush, it is concluded that all the water inrush accidents are related to the non-integrity of the water-separating layer, so under the premise of "rock mass structure" and "discontinuous medium model", It is put forward that the mechanism of water inrush is the mechanism that the original structure surface of the water barrier is expanded and transformed into the water inrush passage, and the source tracing of "original conduction height" is carried out through the discovery and application of typical field test results. It is pointed out that the original height of water conduction is the permeation height of confined water in the water barrier layer, which is the permeability of the water barrier layer, not the development height of the water inrush passage. Thirdly, through the systematic analysis of typical cases of water inrush, According to the formation mode of water inrush passage, the water inrush mode of coal seam floor is divided into two types: "rupture and outburst" and "percolation and outburst". Finally, two simulation tests of seepage induced outburst are designed and completed. On the one hand, in order to reveal the mechanism of seepage outburst, microtubule water blocking test and microtubule flow test are designed; on the other hand, in order to verify the former mechanism, the water inrush channel test of similar material is designed. The formation process of water inrush passage is presented by the section shape of water inrush channel. Fifthly, the problem of "water inrush coefficient" is specially studied, and it is put forward that the water inrush coefficient is a warning parameter to indicate the "symptom" of water inrush. The final index of evaluating mine production safety is water inflow or water inrush, and the waterproofing and drainage facilities provided accordingly. But not the water inrush coefficient. Through the above research, the mechanism of water inrush caused by seepage is demonstrated completely and accurately. The key to apply the theory of water inrush mechanism to the practice of water control engineering in coal mines is to study the techniques of "hydrophobic depressurization" and "aquifer reconstruction". It is pointed out that their common characteristics and core contents are to study the water resistance capacity of the water barrier layer of the coal seam floor, and take the water resistance capacity of the water barrier layer as the basis for the design and prevention of water. The techniques of "hydrophobic pressure relief" and "aquifer reconstruction" which are widely used in coal mines in China are compared and studied. Finally, the great advantages of this technology are demonstrated by the results of hydrophobic depressurization in Pingdingshan mining area.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TD74

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