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基于微震信息的深埋隧洞岩爆孕育成因研究

发布时间:2018-07-06 09:35

  本文选题:深埋隧洞 + 岩爆 ; 参考:《东北大学》2014年博士论文


【摘要】:随着矿产资源、水电能源和交通运输需求因经济建设的不断发展而日益增加,地下空间开发不断走向深部,高应力环境下开挖卸荷所诱发的岩爆问题也随之越来越突出。岩爆作为一种工程地质灾害,不仅破坏工程建设,影响施工进度,而且还损坏施工设备,威胁人身安全,已成为世界性的地下工程难题之一。因此,开展岩爆成因研究,采取针对性的防治措施,减轻或避免岩爆危害,已成为国内外采矿、水电、交通等深部地下工程安全建设亟待解决的一个重要研究课题,具有极为重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文以锦屏II级水电站深埋隧洞强岩爆段为工程背景,以微震监测技术为手段,探讨了深埋隧洞微震活动与岩爆的时空分布规律及其相关性,深入研究了即时型岩爆和时滞型岩爆的孕育成因并提出了针对性的防治措施。概括起来,本论文的研究工作主要集中在如下几个方面:(1)系统分析了深埋隧洞微震活动与岩爆的时空分布规律及其相关性。在时间上,探讨了钻爆法和TBM开挖条件下的微震事件、岩爆及开挖活动之间的相关性,阐述了岩爆孕育过程累积视体积、能量指数、Schmidt数和微震事件频次随时间演化规律,揭示了岩爆前兆(微震)信息的时间演化特性。在空间上,系统研究了隧洞掘进过程微震事件与岩爆沿洞轴方向的分布规律,探讨了微震、岩爆与开挖活动的空间关系;深入分析了岩爆孕育过程微震信息空间演化规律,阐述了岩爆孕育区形成机理;从整个工程区大范围的视角系统分析了微震事件与岩爆的空间分布规律及其关联性,发现两者具有显著的空间集结分布特征,并着重探讨了控制空间集结分布的主导性因素。(2)从开挖施工因素和地质结构面两方面开展了即时型岩爆孕育成因研究。深入探讨了开挖速率和喷锚支护对即时型岩爆孕育过程微震活动的影响,对比分析了不同开挖方式下的微震特性和岩爆风险,认为具有强岩爆倾向性深埋隧洞宜采用钻爆法施工;着重研究和探讨了地质结构面对即时型岩爆宏观破坏形态、空间分布、强度等级、发生频次和孕育规律的控制作用;同时,还分析了结构面对即时型岩爆孕育机制的影响,认为随着结构面条/组数的增加,岩爆孕育机制变得越发复杂。(3)系统分析了时滞型岩爆孕育过程微震信息时空演化特征,探讨了时滞型岩爆孕育成因,认为爆破扰动是其极为重要的控制因素,并深入阐述了爆破扰动诱发时滞型岩爆的机理。着重研究了爆破扰动下时滞型岩爆发生规律,并探讨了爆破扰动对时滞型岩爆孕育机制的影响。(4)提出了基于深埋隧洞上台阶施工发生的微震信息来辨识和圈定二次开挖时潜在高岩爆风险区的方法,深入研究和探讨了二次开挖扰动下即时型和时滞型岩爆成因及其机理。(5)在上述研究基础上,建立了施工阶段防治即时型和时滞型岩爆的总体思路,并针对不同等级的两类岩爆提出了相应的防治措施。
[Abstract]:With the mineral resources, water and electricity energy and transportation demand are increasing because of the continuous development of economic construction, the development of underground space is going deeper and deeper. The rock burst caused by excavation unloading under high stress environment is becoming more and more prominent. Rock burst is a kind of engineering geological disaster, which not only destroys engineering construction, but also affects construction progress, It has become one of the most difficult problems in the world, and it has become one of the most difficult problems in the world. Therefore, it has become an important research topic for the construction of deep underground workers at home and abroad, such as mining, hydropower, traffic and other deep underground workers, which need to be solved. It is an important research topic to carry out the research on the causes of rock burst and take the targeted prevention and control measures to reduce or avoid the hazards of rock explosion at home and abroad, such as mining, hydropower and transportation, and so on. In this paper, taking the strong rock burst section of the deep buried tunnel in the Jinping II hydropower station as the engineering background, the temporal and spatial distribution law and the correlation of the microseismic activity and rock burst in the deep buried tunnel are discussed with the microseismic monitoring technology as a means. The genesis of the instant rock burst and the time delay type rock burst is deeply studied and the results are put forward. In summary, the research work of this paper is mainly focused on the following aspects: (1) the spatio-temporal distribution and correlation of microseismic activity and rock burst in deep buried tunnels are systematically analyzed. In time, the correlation between drilling and blasting method and the microseismic events under the TBM excavation conditions, the correlation between rock burst and excavation activities is discussed. The evolution law of cumulative apparent volume, energy index, Schmidt number and frequency of microseismic events in the process of rock burst inoculation is described, and the temporal evolution characteristics of the precursory (microseismic) information of rock burst are revealed. In space, the distribution law of the microseismic events and the square direction of the rock burst along the tunnel axis is systematically studied, and the microseismic, rock burst and excavation activities are discussed. The evolution law of microseismic information space in rock burst inoculation was deeply analyzed, the formation mechanism of rock burst inoculation area was expounded, and the spatial distribution and correlation of microseismic events and rock burst were analyzed from the large scope of the whole engineering area. The leading factors to control the distribution of spatial aggregation. (2) the causes of instant type rock burst inoculation were carried out from two aspects of the excavation construction factors and the geological structure surface. The influence of the excavation rate and the anchorage support on the micro earthquake activity in the instant rock burst inoculation process was deeply discussed, and the microseismic characteristics and the rock burst wind under different excavation methods were compared and analyzed. It is considered that the drilling and blasting method should be adopted in the deep buried tunnel with strong rock burst tendency, and the effect of the geological structure on the macroscopic damage form, spatial distribution, strength grade, frequency and inoculation law of immediate rock burst is studied and discussed. At the same time, the influence of structure on the mechanism of instant rock burst inoculation is also analyzed. With the increase of structural noodle / group number, the mechanism of rock burst inoculation becomes more complicated. (3) the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the microseismic information in the delay type rock burst inoculation process are systematically analyzed, and the cause of the delay type rock burst inoculation is discussed. It is considered that the blasting disturbance is a very important control factor, and the mechanism of the delay type rock burst induced by the blasting disturbance is deeply expounded. This paper focuses on the study of the occurrence of time-delay rock burst under blasting disturbance, and discusses the effect of blasting disturbance on the mechanism of time delay type rock burst. (4) the method of identifying and delaying the potential high rock burst risk area for two excavations is proposed based on the microseismic information of the upper step construction in the deep buried tunnel, and the two excavation disturbance is deeply studied and discussed. The causes and mechanisms of immediate and time-delay rock burst are introduced. (5) on the basis of the above research, the general idea of preventing and controlling the immediate and time-delay type of rock burst is established, and the corresponding prevention measures are put forward for the two types of rock burst in different grades.
【学位授予单位】:东北大学
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:TD771


本文编号:2102357

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