地铁换乘站紧急疏散过程中的引导员效应研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 18:01

本文选题：引导员 + 疏散　；参考：《首都经济贸易大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城市轨道交通客流的急速上升,地铁越来越成为市民最主要的交通工具,然而由于地铁车站空间狭小、疏散路线长等结构特点,一旦发生突发事件,极易造成拥挤踩踏事故,不仅会延误疏散时间,而且极有可能造成大量人员的伤亡。因此在突发事件发生时,如何通过引导员来引导疏散,进而提高人群疏散效率是本文的研究主旨所在。首先,本文通过文献查阅及资料搜集对典型的人员疏散模拟仿真系统和模型进行分析与比较,得出Building Exodus仿真软件较其他模型更适合用于地铁人员疏散研究。其次,创新地提出分区疏散及疏散分区的概念,并将确定引导员的数量、影响范围及引导方案问题转化为疏散分区问题。运用运筹学中分配问题的解决思路,建立了基于最短路径原则的引导员疏散分区模型和考虑出口通行能力的引导员疏散分区优化模型。通过该模型对整个疏散区域进行分区,来确定引导员的数量及引导范围,并结合国内外认可程度颇高的Building Exodus人员疏散系统,对所建立的模型进行对比与分析,指出考虑出口通行能力的引导员疏散分区优化模型,能够提高疏散出口的利用率,有效减少疏散时间。最后,将考虑出口通行能力的引导员疏散分区优化模型应用到北京地铁军事博物馆站,得出军博站紧急情况下的疏散分区,对比分析其引导效果,进而为确定军博站引导员的数量、位置范围以及引导方案提供参考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid increase of urban rail transit passenger flow, subway has become the most important means of transportation. However, due to the narrow space of subway station, long evacuation route and other structural characteristics, once an emergency occurs, It is easy to cause crowded stampede, which will not only delay evacuation time, but also cause a large number of casualties. Therefore, how to guide the evacuation and improve the efficiency of evacuation is the main purpose of this paper. Firstly, through literature review and data collection, this paper analyzes and compares the typical simulation system and model of evacuation, and concludes that Building Exodus simulation software is more suitable for subway evacuation research than other models. Secondly, the concept of zone evacuation and evacuation zoning is put forward, and the problem of determining the number of guides, the scope of influence and the guiding scheme is transformed into the problem of evacuation zoning. Based on the idea of solving the assignment problem in operational research, the paper establishes the model of guide evacuation zoning based on the shortest path principle and the optimal model of guide personnel evacuation zoning considering the capacity of exit. The model is used to partition the whole evacuation area, to determine the number and scope of the guide, and to compare and analyze the model with the Building Exodus evacuation system, which has a high degree of recognition at home and abroad. It is pointed out that the optimal model of evacuation zoning considering exit capacity can improve the utilization ratio of evacuation exit and reduce the evacuation time effectively. Finally, the optimal model of evacuation zoning of guides considering the capacity of exit is applied to the Beijing Metro military Museum Station, and the evacuation zone of military Bo Station in emergency situation is obtained, and its guiding effect is compared and analyzed. Furthermore, it provides reference for determining the number, location range and guiding scheme of military blog station.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U298

【参考文献】