美国校车安全保障机制研究

发布时间：2018-07-11 17:44

本文选题：校车 + 安全　；参考：《华中师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：儿童是构筑国家和民族未来的希望,然而频繁发生的校车事故却严重威胁儿童的生命安全,校车安全问题俨然成为政府和社会公民的热议话题。保护每一位儿童的生命,构建校车安全的长效保障机制已迫在眉睫。本研究立足国际视野,通过宏观的立法、经费、管理角度介绍美国校车安全的保障机制,希冀“他山之石可以攻玉”。作为一项跨学科研究,该研究主要运用法学、财政学、管理学、教育学等多学科的知识,通过文献分析法和比较研究法提炼美国保障校车安全的成功经验,并对此提出符合我国国情的保障校车安全的有益建议。全文共分为六部分：第一部分绪论。该部分强调我国建立校车安全保障机制的必要性以及借鉴美国校车安全保障机制的可行性,阐释该研究对我国校车安全运营、儿童安全防护以及完善公共交通设施的重要实践意义以及丰富跨学科研究的理论意义。第二部分美国校车的历史发展脉络。在这一部分中,笔者以时间和校车发展水平为维度将美国校车的发展历程分为萌芽时期、自由发展时期、制度化发展时期三个发展阶段,并对推动美国校车产生和发展的社会因素进行了探究,认为有社会发展、美国反种族隔离运动以及学校布局调整运动三个关键因素。第三部分美国校车安全的立法保障。该部分的内容从法学的角度出发,以立法权为依据从联邦校车法律法规和州校车法律法规进行阐述；立法内容包括校车及校车类型、校车安全技术标准、校车财政补助、校车交通安全、校车司机准入、校车事故责任赔偿等方面第四部分美国校车安全的经费支持。经费如何保障校车安全主要从经费投入主体、经费来源、经费支出、经费的拨付、经费的享用几个维度进行分析。第五部分美国校车安全的管理体制。管理方面主要从管理主体的角度进行分析,介绍了联邦、州、地方学区以及非政府四个层面在校车管理中的职责。第六部分美国校车安全保障机制对我国校车安全体系建设的启示。我国在校车安全保障体系建设过程中可借鉴的经验有：加紧立法,完善校车法律法规；增加校车经费投入,确立校车财政补助机制；重视校车安全,明确政府管理职责；增加非政府组织的数量,发挥非政府组织的监督管理作用；完善校车研发和运营市场,构建良性发展的校车市场；珍惜儿童生命,加强校车安全教育。
[Abstract]:Children are the hope to build the future of our country and nation. However, the frequent school bus accidents seriously threaten the safety of children. The safety of school buses has become a hot topic for the government and social citizens. It is urgent to protect the life of every child and build a long-term guarantee mechanism for the safety of school bus. Based on the international perspective, this study introduces the security mechanism of American school bus safety through macroscopic legislation, funds and management, hoping that "the stone of other mountains can attack the jade". As an interdisciplinary study, this research mainly uses the knowledge of law, finance, management, pedagogy and so on, and refines the successful experiences of the United States in ensuring the safety of school buses through the methods of literature analysis and comparative research. And puts forward the beneficial suggestions to ensure the safety of the school bus in accordance with the national conditions of our country. The full text is divided into six parts: the first part of the introduction. This part emphasizes the necessity of establishing the safety and security mechanism of school bus in our country and the feasibility of referring to the safety guarantee mechanism of American school bus, and explains the research on the safe operation of school bus in our country. The important practical significance of children's safety protection and the improvement of public transportation facilities and the theoretical significance of enriching the cross-disciplinary research. The second part is the historical development of American school bus. In this part, the author divides the development process of American school bus into three stages: the embryonic period, the free development period, the institutionalized development period, and the development level of the school bus. The author probes into the social factors that promote the emergence and development of American school buses, and holds that there are three key factors: social development, the anti-apartheid movement and the school layout adjustment movement in the United States. The third part is about the security of American school bus. The content of this part is elaborated from the angle of law, based on the legislative power from the federal school bus laws and regulations and state school bus laws and regulations, including school bus and school bus types, school bus safety technical standards, school bus financial subsidies, School bus traffic safety, bus driver access, school bus accident liability compensation and other aspects of the fourth part of the United States school bus safety funding support. How to ensure the safety of school bus is mainly analyzed from the aspects of the main input, the source, the expenditure, the appropriation of funds and the enjoyment of funds. The fifth part of American school bus safety management system. In the aspect of management, it mainly analyzes the responsibility of federal, state, local school district and non-government in the management of school bus. The sixth part of American school bus safety guarantee mechanism to our country school bus safety system construction enlightenment. The experiences that can be used for reference in the construction of school bus safety and security system in China include: stepping up legislation, perfecting school bus laws and regulations, increasing school bus funding, establishing school bus financial subsidy mechanism, attaching importance to school bus safety and clarifying government management responsibilities; Increase the number of non-governmental organizations, play the role of supervision and management of non-governmental organizations; improve the school bus R & D and operation market, build a healthy school bus market; cherish the lives of children, strengthen school bus safety education.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U492.8

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