水上重大事故应急物资协同调度优化方法研究

发布时间：2018-07-13 19:40

【摘要】：世界海洋经济的快速发展,水上事故风险越来越大,事故造成的人员伤亡、财产损失和海洋环境的污染已经引起全世界的广泛关注。但是,水上事故的特殊性和救援环境的复杂性对水上事故的有效救援提出了更高的要求。特别针对水上重大事故,救援时间有限,应急反应基地的物资储备不足,救助船舶运力存在限制,如何在不确定的救援环境和时间、物资、运力等多重约束下实现应急物资及时可靠的调运是本文要解决的关键问题。本文首先阐述了水上事故的特点、分级响应程序和救援资源的保障模式,由此创新性地提出由事故层、水上机动救助层、集结层和供应层构成的水陆多层级应急物资协同调度网络。接着是水上事故应急物资调度问题的系统分析,其中特别对水上事故救援的需求特性、水上救援环境、应急物资可供应能力和运输工具载运能力等影响因素进行了详细分析,为之后的建模分析奠定基础。第三,针对应急反应基地的物资储备量无法满足水上重大事故的物资需求及其运力无法满足在应急限制期内将应急物资一次性地运往事故点的问题,考虑到多物资应急调度存在优先权,构建水陆两阶段多物资协同调度模型,第一阶段解决基于应急响应时间最短的应急反应基地到事故点的物资调配问题,第二阶段解决基于运输成本最小的陆上供应点的动态物资供应问题。然后,在此基础上,借鉴水上救助目标搜寻理论,提出水上漂移目标应急物资动态调度优化方法。最后,给出求解算法,并用具体算例验证方法的合理性和有效性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the world marine economy, the risks of water accidents are becoming more and more serious. The casualties, property losses and pollution of marine environment caused by the accidents have attracted wide attention all over the world. However, the particularity of water accidents and the complexity of rescue environment put forward higher requirements for effective rescue of water accidents. Especially in the light of major accidents on water, limited rescue time, insufficient material reserves in emergency response bases, restrictions on the transportation capacity of rescue vessels, how to provide materials in uncertain rescue environment and time, The key problem to be solved in this paper is to realize the timely and reliable transportation of emergency materials under multiple constraints such as transportation capacity. In this paper, the characteristics of water accidents, the hierarchical response procedures and the protection mode of rescue resources are first expounded. From this, the accident layer, the water maneuvering rescue layer and the rescue layer are innovatively put forward. The water and land multi-level emergency materials cooperative dispatching network is composed of assembly layer and supply layer. Then there is the systematic analysis of the water accident emergency material scheduling problem, especially the demand characteristics of the water accident rescue, the water rescue environment, the supply capacity of emergency materials and the transportation capacity, and so on, and the influence factors such as the water accident rescue demand characteristic, the water rescue environment, the transportation tool carrying capacity and so on are analyzed in detail. It lays the foundation for the later modeling analysis. Third, in view of the fact that the quantity of materials in the emergency response base cannot meet the material needs of major accidents on the water and its transportation capacity, it is impossible to meet the problem of one-off transportation of emergency supplies to the accident site during the emergency limitation period. Considering the priority of multi-material emergency dispatching, a multi-stage multi-material cooperative scheduling model is constructed. In the first stage, the problem of material allocation from emergency response base to accident point is solved based on the shortest emergency response time. The second stage solves the problem of dynamic material supply based on the land supply point with the lowest transportation cost. Then, on the basis of this, using the theory of water rescue target search for reference, the dynamic scheduling optimization method of floating target emergency materials is put forward. Finally, the algorithm is given, and the rationality and validity of the method are verified by an example.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U698

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