危险化学品事故应急设施选址研究
发布时间：2018-07-31 07:06
【摘要】：近30年来，我国的经济迅猛发展，石油化工行业作为龙头企业也发展迅速。而这个行业很多物质是危险化学品，其生产、存储以及运输过程中都会发生事故，其事故率也逐年增加。危险化学品事故具有低概率高危害的特征，如果在事故发生后得不到及时的救援，就会产生很严重的后果，因此应急中心的选址就变得尤为重要。选择合适的应急中心，，能在最快的时间到达事故现场，从而减少事故损失，对危险化学品事故预防有着重要的意义。 本篇论文综合分析了以往危险化学品事故会产生的各类风险以及国内外经典的选址模型，并针对国内的具体情况，在经典的选址模型和相应的算法基础上进行了改进。 本论文首先研究了事故风险的各种不同的度量方法，然后结合高斯烟羽模型，并对其进行合理的公式推导得出气体泄漏出去之后的影响区域面积，为之后较精确地估算风险提供理论支持。 其次，考虑到复杂的天气情况或恶劣的交通状况等原因可能使应急设施失效的情况，本文提出了应急中心的双层次选址模型，并采用了禁忌搜索算法进行求解。最后通过实际案例验证了模型的有效性。 第三，本文在考虑运营成本和风险的基础上，提出了双目标的双层次选址模型。这个模型把选址设施数目作为决策变量，为合理规划应急中心建设提供了理论依据。最后以实例进行验证，并且与之前的模型结果进行对比分析，得到了一些对选址问题具有参考意义的结论。 最后，总结了全文的模型与算法，并重点提出了论文的创新之处以及研究结论的适用性。并给出了论文进一步研究方向。
[Abstract]:In the past 30 years, the economy of our country has developed rapidly, and the petrochemical industry has also developed rapidly as a leading enterprise. Many substances in this industry are hazardous chemicals, and accidents occur during production, storage and transportation, and the accident rate increases year by year. Hazardous chemical accidents have the characteristics of low probability and high hazard. If there is no timely rescue after the accident, there will be very serious consequences, so the location of emergency center becomes particularly important. Choosing the appropriate emergency center can reach the accident site in the fastest time, thus reducing the loss of the accident, which is of great significance to the prevention of the accident of dangerous chemicals. This paper synthetically analyzes all kinds of risks caused by past hazardous chemical accidents and the classical location models at home and abroad, and improves on the classical location model and the corresponding algorithm according to the specific situation in our country. In this paper, different methods of measuring accident risk are studied, and then Gao Si plume model is used to deduce the influence area of gas leakage. To provide theoretical support for more accurate risk estimation. Secondly, considering that complex weather or bad traffic conditions may make emergency facilities fail, this paper proposes a two-level location model for emergency center, and uses Tabu search algorithm to solve the problem. Finally, the validity of the model is verified by an actual case. Thirdly, based on the consideration of operation cost and risk, a double objective double-level location model is proposed in this paper. This model takes the number of location facilities as a decision variable and provides a theoretical basis for the rational planning of emergency center construction. Finally, an example is given and compared with the results of the previous model, and some conclusions of reference to the location problem are obtained. Finally, the model and algorithm of the paper are summarized, and the innovation of the paper and the applicability of the research conclusions are put forward. The further research direction of this paper is also given.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TQ086.5
本文编号：2154817
[Abstract]:In the past 30 years, the economy of our country has developed rapidly, and the petrochemical industry has also developed rapidly as a leading enterprise. Many substances in this industry are hazardous chemicals, and accidents occur during production, storage and transportation, and the accident rate increases year by year. Hazardous chemical accidents have the characteristics of low probability and high hazard. If there is no timely rescue after the accident, there will be very serious consequences, so the location of emergency center becomes particularly important. Choosing the appropriate emergency center can reach the accident site in the fastest time, thus reducing the loss of the accident, which is of great significance to the prevention of the accident of dangerous chemicals. This paper synthetically analyzes all kinds of risks caused by past hazardous chemical accidents and the classical location models at home and abroad, and improves on the classical location model and the corresponding algorithm according to the specific situation in our country. In this paper, different methods of measuring accident risk are studied, and then Gao Si plume model is used to deduce the influence area of gas leakage. To provide theoretical support for more accurate risk estimation. Secondly, considering that complex weather or bad traffic conditions may make emergency facilities fail, this paper proposes a two-level location model for emergency center, and uses Tabu search algorithm to solve the problem. Finally, the validity of the model is verified by an actual case. Thirdly, based on the consideration of operation cost and risk, a double objective double-level location model is proposed in this paper. This model takes the number of location facilities as a decision variable and provides a theoretical basis for the rational planning of emergency center construction. Finally, an example is given and compared with the results of the previous model, and some conclusions of reference to the location problem are obtained. Finally, the model and algorithm of the paper are summarized, and the innovation of the paper and the applicability of the research conclusions are put forward. The further research direction of this paper is also given.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TQ086.5
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前5条
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