秦山三期严重事故下安全壳内消氢系统的研究
发布时间：2018-08-02 11:24
【摘要】：重水反应堆的燃料包壳、压力管及排管均为锆合金材料，在严重事故条件下，锆合金与水蒸汽反应和熔融堆芯与混凝土反应会产生大量的氢气，氢气释放到安全壳中与空气混合成可燃气体，一定条件下可能会发生爆燃或爆炸，所产生的高温高压可能危及安全壳的完整性，因此必须采取氢气控制措施，避免发生危及安全壳完整性的爆燃或爆炸。 本论文以秦山三期CANDU-6型重水反应堆为研究对象，首先定性分析了秦山三期现有的由点火器组成的氢气消除系统，分析表明现有的氢气消除系统仅能满足设计基准事故下的氢气控制要求，但不能满足根据最新法规要求所制定的严重事故下的氢气控制目标。同时根据秦山三期一级概率安全分析结果并借鉴国际严重事故选取经验，选定三种具有代表性和包络性的典型严重事故序列用于此次严重事故分析：丧失全部Ⅳ级电源事故、热传输支管滞流型破口事故及大破口失水事故。 其次，使用集总参数程序MELCOR对安全壳进行了建模，并对安全壳内无消氢系统时的氢气分布及浓度进行了分析，结果表明三种典型严重事故工况下安全壳均存在爆燃或爆炸的风险，根据分析结果结合现场实际情况，设计了在安全壳内布置18台非能动催化复合器（Passive Automatic Recombiners，以下简称为PARs）的消氢方案，利用MELCOR程序中的PARs模块对消氢方案的效果进行了模拟分析，结果表明三种典型事故进程中安全壳内均匀分布的氢气浓度都未超过10vol.%，达到了严重事故下的氢气控制要求和消氢系统验收准则。 最后，，通过非能动氢复合器的催化板和整机性能实验进行了消氢效果验证，结果表明催化板贵金属涂覆工艺良好、催化剂与基材结合力大、消氢性能稳定，氢复合器启停阈值和消氢速率满足设计要求及严重事故工况下安全壳内消除氢气的要求。 本论文通过秦山三期严重事故下消氢措施的系统研究，为秦山三期缓解严重事故提供了有力保障，同时也为运行电站和新建电站提供了很好的工程经验和借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:The fuel cladding, pressure tube and discharge tube of heavy water reactor are all zirconium alloy materials. Under serious accident condition, zirconium alloy reacts with water vapor and melt reactor core reacts with concrete to produce a large amount of hydrogen. When hydrogen is released into containment and mixed with air to form combustible gas, deflagration or explosion may occur under certain conditions, and the high temperature and pressure produced may endanger the integrity of containment. Therefore, hydrogen control measures must be taken. Avoid deflagration or explosion that endangers the integrity of containment. In this paper, Qinshan Phase III CANDU-6 heavy water reactor is taken as the research object. Firstly, the existing hydrogen elimination system composed of igniter in Qinshan Phase III is qualitatively analyzed. The analysis shows that the existing hydrogen elimination system can only meet the hydrogen control requirements under the design reference accident, but can not meet the hydrogen control targets under the serious accidents formulated according to the latest regulations. At the same time, according to the results of the first stage probabilistic safety analysis of the third phase of Qinshan Mountain and the selection experience of international serious accidents, three representative and enveloping typical serious accidents are selected for the analysis of this serious accident: the loss of all grade IV power supply accidents, Heat transfer branch pipe stagflation type break accident and big break loss of water accident. Secondly, the lumped parameter program MELCOR is used to model the containment, and the distribution and concentration of hydrogen in the containment without hydrogen elimination system are analyzed. The results show that the containment has the risk of deflagration or explosion under three typical serious accident conditions. In this paper, 18 passive catalytic compounders (Passive Automatic Recombiners,) are designed to eliminate hydrogen in containment. The effect of the scheme is simulated by PARs module in MELCOR program. The results show that the concentration of hydrogen in the containment is less than 10vol.in the three typical accident processes, which meets the requirements of hydrogen control and acceptance criteria of the hydrogen elimination system in severe accidents. Finally, the experimental results of the catalytic plate and the whole machine of the non-active hydrogen compounding device have been carried out. The results show that the noble metal coating process of the catalytic plate is good, the binding force between the catalyst and the substrate is large, and the hydrogen elimination performance is stable. The threshold of starting and stopping and the rate of hydrogen elimination meet the requirements of design and elimination of hydrogen in containment under serious accident conditions. Through the systematic research on the measures of hydrogen elimination in Qinshan III serious accident, this paper provides a strong guarantee for the third phase of Qinshan to alleviate the serious accident, and also provides a good engineering experience and reference significance for the operation of the power station and the newly built power station.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TL364.3
本文编号：2159273
[Abstract]:The fuel cladding, pressure tube and discharge tube of heavy water reactor are all zirconium alloy materials. Under serious accident condition, zirconium alloy reacts with water vapor and melt reactor core reacts with concrete to produce a large amount of hydrogen. When hydrogen is released into containment and mixed with air to form combustible gas, deflagration or explosion may occur under certain conditions, and the high temperature and pressure produced may endanger the integrity of containment. Therefore, hydrogen control measures must be taken. Avoid deflagration or explosion that endangers the integrity of containment. In this paper, Qinshan Phase III CANDU-6 heavy water reactor is taken as the research object. Firstly, the existing hydrogen elimination system composed of igniter in Qinshan Phase III is qualitatively analyzed. The analysis shows that the existing hydrogen elimination system can only meet the hydrogen control requirements under the design reference accident, but can not meet the hydrogen control targets under the serious accidents formulated according to the latest regulations. At the same time, according to the results of the first stage probabilistic safety analysis of the third phase of Qinshan Mountain and the selection experience of international serious accidents, three representative and enveloping typical serious accidents are selected for the analysis of this serious accident: the loss of all grade IV power supply accidents, Heat transfer branch pipe stagflation type break accident and big break loss of water accident. Secondly, the lumped parameter program MELCOR is used to model the containment, and the distribution and concentration of hydrogen in the containment without hydrogen elimination system are analyzed. The results show that the containment has the risk of deflagration or explosion under three typical serious accident conditions. In this paper, 18 passive catalytic compounders (Passive Automatic Recombiners,) are designed to eliminate hydrogen in containment. The effect of the scheme is simulated by PARs module in MELCOR program. The results show that the concentration of hydrogen in the containment is less than 10vol.in the three typical accident processes, which meets the requirements of hydrogen control and acceptance criteria of the hydrogen elimination system in severe accidents. Finally, the experimental results of the catalytic plate and the whole machine of the non-active hydrogen compounding device have been carried out. The results show that the noble metal coating process of the catalytic plate is good, the binding force between the catalyst and the substrate is large, and the hydrogen elimination performance is stable. The threshold of starting and stopping and the rate of hydrogen elimination meet the requirements of design and elimination of hydrogen in containment under serious accident conditions. Through the systematic research on the measures of hydrogen elimination in Qinshan III serious accident, this paper provides a strong guarantee for the third phase of Qinshan to alleviate the serious accident, and also provides a good engineering experience and reference significance for the operation of the power station and the newly built power station.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TL364.3
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