侧风作用下桥上汽车行车安全性及防风措施研究
发布时间：2018-08-04 17:51
【摘要】：强风不仅会加剧桥梁的振动,降低结构的疲劳寿命和耐久性,还会使桥上通行车辆产生安全性和舒适性问题。为减少大风灾害天气中桥上交通事故的发生,沿桥面设置风屏障已成为保障车辆行驶安全性的有效措施之一。本文基于风—汽车—桥梁系统耦合振动分析理论,围绕桥上车辆的行驶安全性和舒适性及风屏障的影响问题,开展了如下主要研究工作：(1)提出了基于IFFT变换技术的一维多变量平稳随机风场模拟方法。该方法利用共轭对称序列逆傅立叶变换(IFFT)相位角为零的特性,在频域构造复共轭序列,通过一次IFFT变换直接生成单点脉动风速时程。该方法不仅消除了三角函数叠加的运算工作量,同时极大的减少了IFFT执行的次数,使得模拟方法的计算效率更高。数学分析表明,随机样本的均值和自相关函数满足各态历经性；样本周期足够长时,互相关函数同样满足各态历经性。(2)建立了风—汽车—桥梁系统的耦合振动分析模型。根据典型的公路车辆类型,建立了13个自由度的两轴车辆和24个独立自由度的四轴拖挂车辆动力学分析模型,论述了轮胎偏转特性对车辆动力学方程的影响。阐述了汽车、桥梁相互作用原理。根据随机路面激励的相干函数模型,基于IFFT变换方法,提出了一种考虑相干函数模型的路面不平度时域样本模拟方法。探讨了风对桥梁的气动力作用,考虑到移动车辆的运动特性及自然风环境中水平和竖向脉动风对移动车辆瞬态风偏角和风攻角的影响,推导了适用于移动车辆三维绕流特性的精细化气动力表达式,能较为真实的反映公路移动车辆所受的风荷载。在此基础上,建立了风—汽车—桥梁系统的耦合振动分析方程。(3)编制了风—汽车—桥梁系统耦合振动分析程序。基于MFC程序设计框架和OpenGL三维显示技术,在Visual Studio 9.0平台上编制了风—汽车—桥梁耦合振动分析程序WVBANSYS,分别验证了车—桥耦合程序,桥梁时域颤振分析程序,时域抖振分析程序,从而间接验证了风—汽车—桥梁程序计算功能的正确性和可靠性。(4)研究了风—汽车—桥梁耦合振动系统动力响应的影响因素和变化规律。基于车辆的响应特性,改进了风致车辆侧倾和侧滑事故的评价标准,探讨了基于ISO 2631标准的行车舒适性评价准则。围绕侧风环境下公路车辆的行驶安全性和舒适性问题,可得如下结论：气动力风偏角导数dC/dψ降低了车辆行驶的安全性和舒适性,轮胎侧偏特性降低了车辆行驶舒适性评价指标；路面不平度相干函数差异导致车辆的动力响应产生较为显著的差异。风速和车速较高、车辆位于迎风侧车道和道路状况较差,这些因素会降低车辆的安全性和舒适性指标。(5)研究了风屏障对桥面局部风环境和车辆行驶安全性的影响。在风洞试验中研究了风屏障透风率对桥面流场平均风速和平均湍流强度分布特性以及不同类型公路车辆气动力特性的影响。试验结果表明,风屏障降低了桥面平均风速和湍流强度,有效地降低了车辆所受的气动力大小。静力简化分析和耦合动力分析结果表明,无风屏障时大型集装箱车最容易发生侧倾和侧滑安全事故；风屏障显著地提高了车辆安全行驶的临界风速,且车辆的行驶临界风速随风屏障透风率的降低逐渐提高。
[Abstract]:Strong wind will not only aggravate the vibration of the bridge, reduce the fatigue life and durability of the structure, but also cause the safety and comfort of the vehicle on the bridge. In order to reduce the traffic accidents on the bridge in the weather of heavy wind disaster, setting the wind barrier along the bridge surface has become one of the effective measures to ensure the safety of the vehicle. The theory of coupling vibration analysis of vehicle bridge system has been carried out as follows: (1) a one-dimensional multi variable stationary random wind field simulation method based on IFFT transform technology is proposed. The method uses the conjugate symmetric sequence inverse Fu Liye transform (IFFT) phase. In the frequency domain, the complex conjugate sequence is constructed and the single point pulse wind speed time history is generated directly by one time IFFT transform. This method not only eliminates the operation workload of the superposition of the trigonometric function, but also greatly reduces the number of IFFT execution times, making the calculation efficiency of the simulation method higher. The mathematical analysis shows the mean value of the random sample. And the autocorrelation function satisfies all state calendar. When the sample period is long enough, the cross correlation function also satisfies all state calendar. (2) the coupled vibration analysis model of the wind vehicle bridge system is established. According to the typical road vehicle types, the two axle vehicles with 13 degrees of freedom and the four axle towing vehicle power of 24 independent degrees of freedom are established. The influence of tire deflection characteristics to the dynamic equation of vehicle is discussed. The interaction principle of vehicle and bridge is expounded. Based on the coherent function model of the random road excitation, based on the IFFT transformation method, a method to simulate the time domain of the road roughness is proposed, which considers the coherence function model. The aerodynamic performance of the bridge is discussed. Considering the motion characteristics of mobile vehicles and the influence of horizontal and vertical pulsating wind on the transient wind deflection angle and wind attack angle of mobile vehicles in natural wind environment, a fine aerodynamic expression applicable to the three-dimensional flow characteristics of mobile vehicles is derived, which can more truly reflect the wind load on the public road mobile vehicles. The coupled vibration analysis equation of wind vehicle bridge system is established. (3) the coupled vibration analysis program of wind vehicle bridge system is compiled. Based on the MFC program design frame and OpenGL 3D display technology, the wind automobile bridge coupling vibration analysis program WVBANSYS is compiled on the Visual Studio 9 platform, and the vehicle bridge is verified respectively. The coupling program, the bridge time-domain flutter analysis program, the time domain buffeting analysis program, thus indirectly verify the correctness and reliability of the wind vehicle bridge program calculation function. (4) the influence factors and the change rules of the dynamic response of the wind vehicle bridge coupled vibration system are studied. Based on the response characteristics of the vehicle, the wind induced vehicle is improved. The evaluation criteria of side and side slip accidents are discussed, and the evaluation criterion based on the ISO 2631 standard is discussed. The following conclusions are drawn about the safety and comfort of road vehicles under the side wind environment. The following conclusions are obtained: the aerodynamic wind deflection angle derivative dC/d reduces the safety and comfort of the vehicle, and the side bias characteristics of the tire reduce the vehicle Driving comfort evaluation index, road roughness coherence function difference leads to more significant difference in vehicle dynamic response. Wind speed and speed are higher, vehicle is located in windward side lane and road condition is poor, these factors will reduce vehicle safety and comfort index. (5) study the wind barrier to the bridge surface local wind environment and car In the wind tunnel test, the influence of wind barrier permeability on the average wind velocity and the distribution characteristics of the average turbulence intensity and the aerodynamic characteristics of different types of road vehicles are studied in the wind tunnel test. The results show that the wind barrier reduces the average wind speed and the turbulence intensity of the bridge deck, and effectively reduces the aerodynamic performance of the vehicle. Force size. The results of static simplified analysis and coupling dynamic analysis show that large container cars are most prone to side slip and sideslip accidents without wind barrier, and the wind barrier significantly improves the critical speed of vehicle safety, and the critical wind speed of the vehicle increases with the decrease of wind barrier rate.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U441.3;U492.84
[Abstract]:Strong wind will not only aggravate the vibration of the bridge, reduce the fatigue life and durability of the structure, but also cause the safety and comfort of the vehicle on the bridge. In order to reduce the traffic accidents on the bridge in the weather of heavy wind disaster, setting the wind barrier along the bridge surface has become one of the effective measures to ensure the safety of the vehicle. The theory of coupling vibration analysis of vehicle bridge system has been carried out as follows: (1) a one-dimensional multi variable stationary random wind field simulation method based on IFFT transform technology is proposed. The method uses the conjugate symmetric sequence inverse Fu Liye transform (IFFT) phase. In the frequency domain, the complex conjugate sequence is constructed and the single point pulse wind speed time history is generated directly by one time IFFT transform. This method not only eliminates the operation workload of the superposition of the trigonometric function, but also greatly reduces the number of IFFT execution times, making the calculation efficiency of the simulation method higher. The mathematical analysis shows the mean value of the random sample. And the autocorrelation function satisfies all state calendar. When the sample period is long enough, the cross correlation function also satisfies all state calendar. (2) the coupled vibration analysis model of the wind vehicle bridge system is established. According to the typical road vehicle types, the two axle vehicles with 13 degrees of freedom and the four axle towing vehicle power of 24 independent degrees of freedom are established. The influence of tire deflection characteristics to the dynamic equation of vehicle is discussed. The interaction principle of vehicle and bridge is expounded. Based on the coherent function model of the random road excitation, based on the IFFT transformation method, a method to simulate the time domain of the road roughness is proposed, which considers the coherence function model. The aerodynamic performance of the bridge is discussed. Considering the motion characteristics of mobile vehicles and the influence of horizontal and vertical pulsating wind on the transient wind deflection angle and wind attack angle of mobile vehicles in natural wind environment, a fine aerodynamic expression applicable to the three-dimensional flow characteristics of mobile vehicles is derived, which can more truly reflect the wind load on the public road mobile vehicles. The coupled vibration analysis equation of wind vehicle bridge system is established. (3) the coupled vibration analysis program of wind vehicle bridge system is compiled. Based on the MFC program design frame and OpenGL 3D display technology, the wind automobile bridge coupling vibration analysis program WVBANSYS is compiled on the Visual Studio 9 platform, and the vehicle bridge is verified respectively. The coupling program, the bridge time-domain flutter analysis program, the time domain buffeting analysis program, thus indirectly verify the correctness and reliability of the wind vehicle bridge program calculation function. (4) the influence factors and the change rules of the dynamic response of the wind vehicle bridge coupled vibration system are studied. Based on the response characteristics of the vehicle, the wind induced vehicle is improved. The evaluation criteria of side and side slip accidents are discussed, and the evaluation criterion based on the ISO 2631 standard is discussed. The following conclusions are drawn about the safety and comfort of road vehicles under the side wind environment. The following conclusions are obtained: the aerodynamic wind deflection angle derivative dC/d reduces the safety and comfort of the vehicle, and the side bias characteristics of the tire reduce the vehicle Driving comfort evaluation index, road roughness coherence function difference leads to more significant difference in vehicle dynamic response. Wind speed and speed are higher, vehicle is located in windward side lane and road condition is poor, these factors will reduce vehicle safety and comfort index. (5) study the wind barrier to the bridge surface local wind environment and car In the wind tunnel test, the influence of wind barrier permeability on the average wind velocity and the distribution characteristics of the average turbulence intensity and the aerodynamic characteristics of different types of road vehicles are studied in the wind tunnel test. The results show that the wind barrier reduces the average wind speed and the turbulence intensity of the bridge deck, and effectively reduces the aerodynamic performance of the vehicle. Force size. The results of static simplified analysis and coupling dynamic analysis show that large container cars are most prone to side slip and sideslip accidents without wind barrier, and the wind barrier significantly improves the critical speed of vehicle safety, and the critical wind speed of the vehicle increases with the decrease of wind barrier rate.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U441.3;U492.84
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