福岛核事故向环境释放的Pu研究进展

发布时间：2018-08-09 15:08

【摘要】：福岛核事故向环境释放的放射性核素中包含了锕系元素Pu,其中以极毒组的239Pu、240Pu和高毒组的241Pu为主。本文总结并分析了针对福岛核事故向环境释放的Pu的相关研究。据估计,福岛核事故向环境中排放的239+240Pu总量约为109 Bq,是切尔诺贝利核事故排放量的万分之一。此次事故排放的Pu同位素原子比(240Pu/239Pu和241Pu/239Pu)及活度比(A(238Pu)/A(239+240Pu))明显异于全球沉降值,可作为事故中Pu溯源的判定依据。事故所排放的Pu全部来源于核电站1~3号反应堆堆芯而非乏燃料池。现有研究报道的数据表明,在福岛核电站周围30km范围内的陆地环境中存在来自核事故排放的Pu污染,污染相对严重的"热点"区域和该地区与核电站的相对位置没有明显关联,主要是受地形和降水的影响。而对于人们关心的海洋环境,来自福岛核事故的Pu污染非常小。核事故向海洋中排放的Pu相对于核事故前海洋环境中的Pu污染水平可忽略不计。
[Abstract]:The radioactive nuclides released into the environment by the Fukushima nuclear accident contain actinides Pui, including 239Pu-240Pu in the extremely toxic group and 241Pu in the high-toxic group. This paper summarizes and analyzes the related studies on the release of Pu from the Fukushima nuclear accident to the environment. It is estimated that the total amount of 240Pu emitted into the environment by the Fukushima nuclear accident is about 109Bq, which is 1/10000 of the emission from the Chernobyl nuclear accident. The Pu isotope atomic ratios (240Pu/239Pu and 241Pu/239Pu) and activity ratio (A (238Pu) / A (239 240Pu) emitted from the accident are significantly different from the global sedimentation values, which can be used as a basis for determining the trace source of Pu in the accident. All of the Pu emitted from the accident came from the nuclear reactor core no. 1 ~ 3 rather than from the spent fuel pool. The data reported by existing studies show that there is a pollution of Pu from nuclear accidents in the terrestrial environment within the scope of 30km around the Fukushima nuclear power plant, and there is no obvious correlation between the polluted "hot spot" area and the relative position of the nuclear power plant. It is mainly affected by topography and precipitation. For the marine environment of concern, the pollution of Pu from the Fukushima accident is very small. The pollution level of Pu emitted into the ocean by nuclear accident is negligible compared with that of Pu in the marine environment before the nuclear accident.
【作者单位】：北京大学物理学院核物理与核技术国家重点实验室;浙江省辐射环境监测站;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11275015) 北京大学本科生科研项目资助(J1103206)
【分类号】：TL73

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