宋代动物灾害研究

发布时间：2018-08-17 11:25

【摘要】：宋代动物灾害频发,给宋人的生产生活带来极大的影响。动物灾害属于生物灾害或自然灾害的一种,即使是在当今也时有发生。本文以宋人对动物灾害的认知为中心,分析探讨其致灾观、防灾救灾的意识和举措,并在此基础上进行总体评价。首先,概述宋代动物灾害的具体情况、时空分布等,从农业、畜牧业、人身安全、交通出行等多方面探究动物灾害对当时社会所造成的影响;其次,从宋人的主观认识和客观环境两方面分析宋代动物灾害的成因,再分别从政府和民间的角度探讨宋人对动物灾害的防灾救灾措施;最后,从积极性和局限性两方面对宋人应对动物灾害的措施进行评价,以期有助于对宋代社会的认识和了解。随着社会的进步,科学文化的发展,宋人对动物灾害的认识有所深化。面对动物灾害,宋政府多次颁布相关的法令,派遣官员救灾,采取了经济手段等多种救助方式;地方官员也大多能够积极应对动物灾害,这些防灾救灾措施起到了不容忽视的作用。囿于时代的限制,宋人面对动物灾害不可避免地采取诸如祈禳一类的方式,在救灾过程中难以收到实效,但在当时的社会条件下,也在一定程度上发挥了疏导和安定民心的作用。
[Abstract]:The frequent occurrence of animal disasters in Song Dynasty brought great influence to the production and life of Song people. Animal disaster is a kind of biological disaster or natural disaster. Based on the cognition of animal disasters in Song Dynasty, this paper analyzes and discusses the concept of disaster, the consciousness and measures of disaster prevention and relief, and makes a general evaluation on this basis. First of all, summarize the specific situation of animal disasters in Song Dynasty, space-time distribution, from agriculture, animal husbandry, personal safety, transportation and other aspects to explore the impact of animal disasters on the society at that time. This paper analyzes the causes of animal disasters in Song Dynasty from the aspects of subjective understanding and objective environment of Song people, and then discusses the prevention and relief measures of animal disasters in Song Dynasty from the angle of government and folk respectively. This paper evaluates the measures taken by the Song people to deal with animal disasters from two aspects of enthusiasm and limitation in order to help the understanding and understanding of the society of the Song Dynasty. With the progress of society and the development of science and culture, the understanding of animal disaster was deepened. In the face of animal disasters, the Song government has repeatedly issued relevant decrees, dispatched officials for disaster relief, and adopted various relief methods such as economic means. Most local officials are also able to actively deal with animal disasters. These disaster prevention and relief measures have played an important role. Due to the limitation of the times, the people of Song Dynasty inevitably adopted such methods as praying in response to animal disasters, which were difficult to achieve in the course of disaster relief, but under the social conditions at that time, To a certain extent, it also played a role in persuading and stabilizing the people.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X43;K244

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