采空区煤自燃诱发瓦斯燃烧（爆炸）规律及防治研究
发布时间：2018-08-27 10:24
【摘要】：采空区瓦斯燃烧是煤矿多发事故之一，随着煤矿开采水平的加深，瓦斯涌出和地温不断增加，这使得自燃诱发瓦斯燃烧成为一种重要的形式。由于缺少自燃条件下瓦斯燃烧发生规律和防治研究，使得现场防治自燃引燃瓦斯时具有一定的盲目性，为此，本文重点对采空区煤自燃诱发瓦斯燃烧的规律及防治进行了研究，研究结果有利于减少采空区瓦斯燃烧事故的发生。 为了控制采空区煤自燃诱发瓦斯燃烧，基于矿压理论对采场自燃和瓦斯涌出规律进行了研究。分析了采场应力分布，得出采煤过程中在采场走向和倾向上会逐渐形成应力“三区”，这造成了上覆岩层在垂直方向上逐渐形成冒落三带和在采空区冒落带形成“O”型压实区，此种岩层冒落规律使得采空区见方前形成了“U”型漏风，见方后形成了“M”型漏风。把采场易自燃区域分为煤柱附近、断层附近、大矸石处等，结合采场瓦斯涌出规律，提出控制漏风和浮煤分布是减少自燃诱发瓦斯燃烧的有效手段。 在分析自燃引燃瓦斯理论的基础上，论文设计加工了高温煤体引燃瓦斯实验平台，，开展了高温煤体诱发瓦斯燃烧实验。研究了不同加热功率、初始CH_4浓度和热源深度条件下煤样升温过程中封闭空间气体的变化规律，结果显示，随温度升高，封闭空间O_2浓度降低，N_2浓度先增大后减少，其他气体浓度增加。在高温阶段，加热功率增大使得O_2浓度增大，N_2浓度先增大后减小，其他气体浓度减小；增大初始CH_4浓度，O_2浓度先减小后增大，CH_4浓度增大，其他气体浓度减小；当热源深度增加时，O_2浓度增大，N_2浓度先减小后增大，其他气体浓度减小。利用Matlab对煤样升温过程中封闭空间可燃气体浓度与其爆炸限之间的关系进行了分析，得到在多数条件下，封闭空间可燃气浓度会大于其爆炸上限而失去爆炸性。结合现场煤自燃形式，指出了工作面煤柱、顶煤和上邻近煤层提前氧化区域在压裂或冒落进采空区时易引燃瓦斯。 为了得到上隅角不同空间特性下瓦斯燃烧规律，基于上隅角瓦斯燃烧实验平台，设计了自由空间、充填矸石、瓦斯包和风扇干扰条件下的瓦斯燃烧实验，通过高速摄像和测温系统记录燃烧过程和温度，分析了不同条件下的CH_4燃烧过程，得到了自由空间下7.8%和21%瓦斯燃烧速度较慢，从而提出了现场可能存在低浓度和高浓度瓦斯燃烧；充填矸石使得瓦斯不易引燃，但引燃后燃烧速度加快和强度增强，易形成爆炸；瓦斯包燃烧时，燃烧波的多次叠加增加了爆炸的破坏性；风扇干扰条件下，瓦斯不易引燃，但引燃后燃烧速度加快，且风扇干扰使瓦斯燃烧易在矸石内部传播，增加了扑灭瓦斯燃烧的困难度。对瓦斯燃烧时间和条件的关系进行了分析，得出了自由空间初始阶段瓦斯燃烧速度为几到几百厘米每秒；对不同条件下瓦斯燃烧温度进行定性分析，验证了瓦斯燃烧的传播过程。 为了保证6135试验工作面顺利回采，开展了现场煤自燃诱发瓦斯防治研究。通过气体和温度观测，验证了机巷煤柱和上邻近煤层为该工作面自燃引燃瓦斯区域。针对“Y”型通风方式，在模型假设和连续定量稳定释放SF6的基础上建立了工作面漏风定量计算模型，开展漏风测试，得出了该工作面下隅角向采空区漏风较大，漏风率为-23.35%。基于数值模拟技术对6135采空区自燃“三带”和瓦斯爆炸浓度范围进行模拟，得到了易发生自燃引燃瓦斯的区域。针对试验工作面自燃危险区域，提出了预注阻化液、注三相泡沫和液态CO_2等措施进行防灭火，结果显示，对60煤预注阻化液可以很好的预防上邻近煤层的自燃问题；大量灌注三相泡沫和液态CO_2很好的控制了机巷自燃点，保证了工作面顺利开采和收作，取得了很好的经济效益。
[Abstract]:Gas combustion in goaf is one of the frequent accidents in coal mine. With the deepening of coal mining level, gas emission and ground temperature increase continuously, which makes spontaneous combustion induced gas combustion become an important form. Blindness, this paper focuses on the goaf coal spontaneous combustion induced by the law of gas combustion and prevention were studied, the results are conducive to reducing the occurrence of goaf gas combustion accidents.
In order to control the spontaneous combustion of coal in goaf, the law of spontaneous combustion and gas emission in stope was studied based on the theory of rock pressure. The stress distribution in stope was analyzed, and it was concluded that the stress "three zones" would gradually form in the direction and inclination of stope, which resulted in the formation of three zones of caving and gas emission in the vertical direction of overlying strata. The "O" type compaction area is formed in the goaf caving zone, which causes the "U" type air leakage in front of the goaf and the "M" type air leakage after the goaf. Effective means of gas combustion induced by less spontaneous combustion.
On the basis of analyzing the theory of spontaneous combustion ignition gas, this paper designs and processes the experimental platform of high temperature coal ignition gas, and carries out the experiment of high temperature coal ignition gas combustion. In the high temperature stage, the heating power increases the concentration of O_2, the concentration of N_2 increases first and then decreases, and the concentration of other gases decreases. When the initial concentration of CH_4 increases, the concentration of O_2 decreases first and then increases, the concentration of CH_4 increases, and the concentration of other gases decreases. When the depth of the source increases, the concentration of O_2 increases, the concentration of N_2 decreases first and then increases, and the concentration of other gases decreases. The relationship between the concentration of combustible gas in the enclosed space and its explosion limit is analyzed by using MATLAB. It is found that under most conditions, the concentration of combustible gas in the enclosed space will be greater than the upper explosion limit and the explosivity will be lost. Combined with the spontaneous combustion form of coal, it is pointed out that the coal pillar, top coal and adjacent coal seam oxidation area in advance are easy to ignite gas when fracturing or caving into goaf.
In order to obtain the law of gas combustion under different spatial characteristics of the upper corner, based on the experimental platform of gas combustion in the upper corner, a gas combustion experiment was designed under the interference of free space, filling gangue, gas bag and fan. The combustion process and temperature were recorded by high-speed camera and temperature measurement system, and the combustion process of CH_4 under different conditions was analyzed. The combustion rate of 7.8% and 21% gas in free space is relatively slow, so it is suggested that there may be low concentration and high concentration gas combustion in the field; filling gangue makes the gas not easy to ignite, but the combustion speed and intensity increase after ignition, easy to form explosion; when the gas bag burns, the multiple superposition of combustion wave increases the destructive effect of explosion; Under the condition of fan interference, gas is not easy to ignite, but the combustion speed is accelerated after ignition, and the fan interference makes the gas combustion propagate easily in the gangue, which increases the difficulty of extinguishing gas combustion. Second, qualitative analysis of gas combustion temperature under different conditions verified the propagation of gas combustion.
In order to ensure the smooth mining of 6135 test face, the study on prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion-induced gas has been carried out. Through gas and temperature observation, the coal pillar and the adjacent coal seam in the machine roadway are verified to be the spontaneous combustion-ignited gas area of the working face. Quantitative calculation model of air leakage in working face was developed and air leakage test was carried out. The result shows that the air leakage rate is - 23.35% in the goaf at the lower corner of the working face. In dangerous area, some measures such as pre-injection of retardant liquid, injection of three-phase foam and liquid CO_2 are put forward to prevent and extinguish the fire. The results show that pre-injection of retardant liquid to 60 coal can prevent spontaneous combustion of adjacent coal seams very well; a large number of three-phase foam and liquid CO_2 well control the spontaneous combustion point of machine roadway, and ensure the smooth mining and harvesting of the working face. Good economic benefits.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TD712.7
本文编号：2206995
[Abstract]:Gas combustion in goaf is one of the frequent accidents in coal mine. With the deepening of coal mining level, gas emission and ground temperature increase continuously, which makes spontaneous combustion induced gas combustion become an important form. Blindness, this paper focuses on the goaf coal spontaneous combustion induced by the law of gas combustion and prevention were studied, the results are conducive to reducing the occurrence of goaf gas combustion accidents.
In order to control the spontaneous combustion of coal in goaf, the law of spontaneous combustion and gas emission in stope was studied based on the theory of rock pressure. The stress distribution in stope was analyzed, and it was concluded that the stress "three zones" would gradually form in the direction and inclination of stope, which resulted in the formation of three zones of caving and gas emission in the vertical direction of overlying strata. The "O" type compaction area is formed in the goaf caving zone, which causes the "U" type air leakage in front of the goaf and the "M" type air leakage after the goaf. Effective means of gas combustion induced by less spontaneous combustion.
On the basis of analyzing the theory of spontaneous combustion ignition gas, this paper designs and processes the experimental platform of high temperature coal ignition gas, and carries out the experiment of high temperature coal ignition gas combustion. In the high temperature stage, the heating power increases the concentration of O_2, the concentration of N_2 increases first and then decreases, and the concentration of other gases decreases. When the initial concentration of CH_4 increases, the concentration of O_2 decreases first and then increases, the concentration of CH_4 increases, and the concentration of other gases decreases. When the depth of the source increases, the concentration of O_2 increases, the concentration of N_2 decreases first and then increases, and the concentration of other gases decreases. The relationship between the concentration of combustible gas in the enclosed space and its explosion limit is analyzed by using MATLAB. It is found that under most conditions, the concentration of combustible gas in the enclosed space will be greater than the upper explosion limit and the explosivity will be lost. Combined with the spontaneous combustion form of coal, it is pointed out that the coal pillar, top coal and adjacent coal seam oxidation area in advance are easy to ignite gas when fracturing or caving into goaf.
In order to obtain the law of gas combustion under different spatial characteristics of the upper corner, based on the experimental platform of gas combustion in the upper corner, a gas combustion experiment was designed under the interference of free space, filling gangue, gas bag and fan. The combustion process and temperature were recorded by high-speed camera and temperature measurement system, and the combustion process of CH_4 under different conditions was analyzed. The combustion rate of 7.8% and 21% gas in free space is relatively slow, so it is suggested that there may be low concentration and high concentration gas combustion in the field; filling gangue makes the gas not easy to ignite, but the combustion speed and intensity increase after ignition, easy to form explosion; when the gas bag burns, the multiple superposition of combustion wave increases the destructive effect of explosion; Under the condition of fan interference, gas is not easy to ignite, but the combustion speed is accelerated after ignition, and the fan interference makes the gas combustion propagate easily in the gangue, which increases the difficulty of extinguishing gas combustion. Second, qualitative analysis of gas combustion temperature under different conditions verified the propagation of gas combustion.
In order to ensure the smooth mining of 6135 test face, the study on prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion-induced gas has been carried out. Through gas and temperature observation, the coal pillar and the adjacent coal seam in the machine roadway are verified to be the spontaneous combustion-ignited gas area of the working face. Quantitative calculation model of air leakage in working face was developed and air leakage test was carried out. The result shows that the air leakage rate is - 23.35% in the goaf at the lower corner of the working face. In dangerous area, some measures such as pre-injection of retardant liquid, injection of three-phase foam and liquid CO_2 are put forward to prevent and extinguish the fire. The results show that pre-injection of retardant liquid to 60 coal can prevent spontaneous combustion of adjacent coal seams very well; a large number of three-phase foam and liquid CO_2 well control the spontaneous combustion point of machine roadway, and ensure the smooth mining and harvesting of the working face. Good economic benefits.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TD712.7
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