煤矿复合动力灾害危险性评价与监测预警技术

发布时间：2018-08-30 15:09

【摘要】：近年来，煤矿自然条件、瓦斯条件和开采技术条件发生了显著变化，冲击地压和煤与瓦斯突出共同作用下的复合动力灾害成为继单纯瓦斯灾害或单纯冲击地压后又一重大而复杂的安全隐患。为了更好的监测预警与防治煤矿复合动力灾害，提高煤矿安全生产水平，消除煤矿复合动力灾害隐患，本文开展了煤矿冲击地压和煤与瓦斯突出共同作用下的复合动力灾害的危险性评价与监测预警技术研究。本文运用冲击地压与瓦斯突出的统一失稳理论，并分析二者的区别，得出两种灾害的耦合关系：（1）只要具备或创造了瓦斯异常涌出的物质、动力和构造条件，冲击地压就有可能诱发煤矿瓦斯异常涌出，而且震前、同震和震后都具备这种可能。（2）冲击地压导致煤及共生岩体产生微破裂，给瓦斯解吸膨胀创造了构造条件，解吸膨胀的高压瓦斯又成为冲击地压的助推力，两者相互作用。存在一种开挖卸载与瓦斯解吸膨胀耦合作用的冲击地压。（3）冲击地压与瓦斯异常涌出的相关性虽然在一定条件下是确定的，但并不代表由此必然引发瓦斯事故。针对复合动力灾害危险性及防治，提出了“先分别——再耦合”的工作面复合动力灾害危险区域评价方法。即，首先采用宏观评价法来评价复合动力灾害的整体危险性，常用的方法主要有综合指数法、复合动力灾害发生可能性指数诊断法等。其次找出产生复合动力灾害的影响因素，根据各个因素的不同情况，采用不同的评价方法，划定危险区域，最后根据多因素耦合法，划定不同危险程度的区域，为提前采取防治措施提供依据。岩层运动是支承压力形成、巷道围岩破坏、复合动力灾害发生等一切动力现象的根源。采用理论分析、数值模拟以及现场实测的方法对方山矿11041工作面岩层运动规律进行了研究。11041工作面直接顶完整性指数为第一层顶板的质量指数0.33，属于不稳定顶板。11041工作面直接顶垮落厚度为6~6.5m，老顶厚度为11.6m；老顶初次垮落步距37.5m，周期来压步距为12.5m~14.9m。分析了微震技术对复合动力灾害监测预警的原理，在方山矿11041工作面安装了矿山CT微震监测预警系统，依据微地震和应力在线监测系统获得的数据，研究了工作面矿压显现规律，结合瓦斯抽放量的监测，分析了岩层运动、应力和瓦斯抽放量的关系，初步确定了复合动力灾害监测预警指标。通过本文的研究，可以更清楚的了解复合动力灾害的发生机理，掌握对复合动力灾害的评价方法及监测预警技术，，从而采取针对性的复合动力灾害防治技术。
[Abstract]:In recent years, coal mine natural conditions, gas conditions and mining technical conditions have undergone significant changes. The composite dynamic disaster under the combined action of coal and gas outburst has become a major and complex safety hazard after the simple gas disaster or the simple impact ground pressure. In order to better monitor and early warning and prevent coal mine complex power disaster, improve the level of coal mine safety production, eliminate the hidden danger of coal mine composite power disaster, In this paper, the risk assessment and monitoring and early warning technology of composite dynamic disasters under the combined action of coal and gas outburst are studied. In this paper, the unified instability theory of shock ground pressure and gas outburst is applied, and the difference between them is analyzed, and the coupling relationship between the two disasters is obtained: (1) as long as there is or creates the material, dynamic and structural conditions for gas outburst, The shock ground pressure may induce abnormal gas emission from coal mine, and it is possible before and after the earthquake. (2) the impact ground pressure leads to the micro-fracture of coal and symbiotic rock mass, which creates the structural conditions for gas desorption and expansion. The desorption and expansion of high pressure gas become the booster of impact ground pressure, and they interact with each other. There is a kind of impact ground pressure which is coupled by excavation unloading and gas desorption and expansion. (3) the correlation between the impact ground pressure and abnormal gas emission is certain under certain conditions but does not necessarily lead to gas accidents. In view of the hazard and prevention of composite dynamic disaster, a method of regional evaluation of composite dynamic hazard in working face is put forward, which is "separate first and then coupled". That is to say, the macro evaluation method is used to evaluate the overall risk of the composite dynamic disaster. The common methods are the comprehensive index method, the probability index diagnosis method and so on. Secondly, find out the influencing factors of the complex dynamic disaster, according to the different conditions of each factor, adopt different evaluation methods, delineate the dangerous area, finally, according to the multi-factor coupling method, delimit the area with different degree of danger. To provide the basis for taking preventive measures in advance. Strata movement is the root of all dynamic phenomena, such as the formation of supporting pressure, the destruction of roadway surrounding rock and the occurrence of complex dynamic disasters. By theoretical analysis, The method of numerical simulation and field measurement the law of rock strata movement in 11041 face of Tangshan Coal Mine has been studied. The direct roof integrity index of face .11041 is the mass index 0.33 of the first layer roof, which belongs to the unstable roof. 11041 face direct roof. The thickness of caving is 6.5m, the thickness of roof is 11.6m. The first collapse step distance of the main roof is 37.5 m, and the periodic pressure step distance is 12.5 m ~ 14.9 m. The principle of microseismic monitoring and warning for composite dynamic disasters is analyzed. The CT microseismic monitoring and warning system is installed in 11041 face of Fangshan Coal Mine. The data obtained from microseismic and stress on-line monitoring system are obtained. In this paper, the law of mine pressure appearance in working face is studied, and the relationship between rock movement, stress and gas drainage is analyzed, and the monitoring and warning index of composite dynamic disaster is preliminarily determined in combination with the monitoring of gas drainage amount. Through the research in this paper, we can clearly understand the mechanism of composite dynamic disaster, grasp the evaluation method and monitoring and early warning technology of composite dynamic disaster, and then adopt the technology of prevention and cure of composite dynamic disaster.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TD713;TD76

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