井工金矿采选过程安全预警系统构建及应用研究
发布时间：2018-09-05 13:32
【摘要】：近年来,我国的黄金产量大幅增加,黄金产量连续六年位居世界第一,但是金矿安全事故也呈现上升趋势,黄金生产企业重大伤亡事故频繁发生,巨大的社会和经济压力,要求黄金生产企业必须加大安全投入,大力扭转目前十分严峻的安全形势,本文的研究对象是在金矿行业中危险性最高的井工金矿,目的是通过构建井工金矿采选过程安全预警系统,为黄金生产企业提高安全管理和技术水平提供借鉴和参考。目前中国很多黄金采选企业已经建立了安全监测系统,但是这些安全监测系统一般只能进行单一安全指标的监测,国内科研机构对金矿安全预警的研究还处于起步和探索阶段,通过文献检索尚没有发现国内外在该领域有研究论文和科研成果。本论文以国家制定的安全法律法规和国家和行业安全技术标准和规范为依据,结合云南和贵州的三个井工金矿的多年事故统计资料,以系统科学的理论作为指导,利用安全监测技术、安全评价技术等科学的理论和方法,以及计算机网络等先进技术手段,针对井工金矿采选企业的特点,通过对井工金矿采选过程的危险性分析,安全预警指标的建立,安全预警模型的构建并建立数字化的安全预警系统,开展动态的安全监控与预警,实现对安全生产活动的实时监测、诊断、控制、矫正为预防及减少事故的发生,提供理论依据及技术支持,实现对井工金矿采选过程的前馈控制、过程控制、反馈控制的综合控制,并最终实现井工金矿采选企业本质安全化管理的目标。本文以：(1)安全预警理论和技术模型的构建,(2)井工金矿采选过程危险性分析,(3)井工金矿采选过程安全预警指标体系的建立,(4)井工金矿采选过程安全预警系统模型的构建,(5)井工金矿采选过程安全预警系统的建立与实现五个方面为本研究的重点。通过收集和研读大量国内外文献,实地调查研究、理论和实证研究、设计研究等方法,开展了系统的研究,取得了如下主要结论和成果。1.理论研究方面。本文从安全哲学入手进行了安全预警理论和技术以及实现路径的研究,本文认为安全预警研究的思想根源是以本质安全思想为核心的现代安全哲学,安全预警研究的动力是社会文明进步和人类追求自身安全的客观需要。现代系统理论：系统论、控制论、信息论、突变论、协同论、耗散结构论是安全预警研究的方法论基础,事故致因理论为安全预警研究提供了研究的对象,通过这些基础理论的梳理,我们可以清晰的了解安全预警研究的发展脉络和前进方向。其次,本文认为：安全预警的技术基础主要是安全监测技术、安全评价技术和安全预警技术,它们的逻辑顺序是：首先通过安全监测技术获得井工金矿采选过程危险因素的监测数值,安全评价技术依据安全监测数据进风险评价,安全预警技术依据评价的结果进行安全状态的预警,这三种技术在安全预警系统的构建中环环相扣,组成安全预警的技术基础,最后本研究从理论上阐述了安全预警的功能和实现路径。2.危险性分析方面。危险性分析是进行安全预警研究的基础,通过危险性分析可以把握系统的事故类型和灾害特征从而形成对预警对象的清晰认识。本研究从金矿赋存条件、开采方式、环境、灾害性质等方面,分析了井工金矿采选过程生产系统的特点。在此基础上,以事故致因理论为基础,通过事故发生的维度与机理分析,设计出四维的井工金矿采选过程维度模型和事故发生的机理模型和井工金矿采选过程安全影响因素体系,为了使本研究构建的井工金矿采选过程安全影响因素体系更加系统化,本文借助解释结构模型的方法,通过邻接矩阵、可达矩阵等的计算建立了井工金矿采选过程安全影响因素的解释结构模型。3.安全预警指标体系建立方面。安全预警指标是安全监测和安全预警的对象,是对井工金矿采选过程安全影响因素的提炼和升华,可以系统的反映整个安全生产系统的安全状况,本文通过对井工金矿采选过程的设备、物料、能源、工艺、人员、外部监管、管理等5个方面的系统分析,从外部安全监管、环境、设备、管理、人员等方面建立了包含5个一级安全预警指标和73个二级安全预警指标的井工金矿采选过程安全预警指标体系。4.安全预警的层次及模型的构建。本文在预警模型理论和模型构建原则阐述的基础上,针对现有安全预警模型研究存在的注重整体预警,缺乏单指标预警和子系统预警的不足,建立了安全预警层次结构,按照单指标预警、子系统和系统预警进行了预警层次的划分,并依据金矿实际设定了预警等级和预警规则,本研究在系统预警模型的构建中提出了基于遗传小波神经网络的安全预警模型,并分析了遗传小波神经网络的总体结构,阐述了预警模型的输入层、模糊化层、运算层和反模糊化层及其运作流程和训练步骤,为安全预警系统的构建提供了数学和技术基础。5.安全预警系统的构建。本文针对具体的井工金矿采选企业进行了安全预警系统的设计,构建了基于组织、监控、存贮、计算、输出等为一体的涵盖人员、设备、硬件、软件的井工金矿采选过程安全预警系统,该系统集安全监测、监控和生产信息管理、安全监督管理于一体,对井工金矿采选过程的采掘、提升、地压、通风、排水、采空区、选矿、提金、熔炼等重点区域及可能存在的风险进行实时的动态监控。从而形成了前馈控制、实时控制和反馈控制结合的安全预警管理模式；在安全预警系统的构建中,融合了安全仿真、三维建模、电子通讯、自动化、计算机等技术,通过工业以太网和自动化平台软件实现了地理信息管理系统、各生产环节子系统、井下环境监控子系统及监测预警与调度指挥系统等子系统的深度融合。本文依托具体的井工金矿进行了井工金矿采选过程安全监测系统的设计,并基于GIS和Microsoft SQL Server 2005数据库平台,采用Java, ArcEngine等编程语言开发了安全预警系统软件,该系统可实现常态化安全监控和事故灾害预警,还详细介绍了系统的登陆与功能界面,并分析了地图管理模块、安全管理模块、安全预警模块、应急救援模块、系统的管理和维护支持方式的具体操作和人机交互视图,介绍了和井工金矿采选过程安全预警系统的组织机构及其层级和职责,实证研究表明,该系统能较好完成井工金矿安全风险的监控预警,从源头遏制事故的发生,有利于矿山提高安全管理的效率和企业安全管理的信息化水平。本文研究的主要创新点体现在如下几点：1.本文在事故致因理论的基础上,以井工金矿开采和选矿两个子系统为研究对象建立了井工金矿采选过程事故致因机理模型并探讨了各因子问相互作用路径及事故发生演化的规律,构建了井工金矿采选过程安全影响因素的ISM模型。2.构建了包括了外部监管安全预警指标、环境安全预警指标、设备安全预警指标、管理安全预警指标、人员安全预警指标等五个一级安全预警指标及其所属的73个二级安全预警指标的实用化、具有行业普适性的井工金矿安全预警指标体系,特别是在设备安全预警指标构建中,做了共性设备安全预警指标和分区安全预警指标的区分,在人员安全预警指标的构建中做了全员安全预警指标、安全技术人员预警指标和管理人员安全预警指标的精细划分,提高了指标的针对性,避免了指标构建过于笼统的情况出现。3.建立了基于模糊数学和遗传算法、小波变换、BP神经网络的井工金矿采选过程安全预警模型,并建立了包括：单指标预警、子系统安全预警和系统安全预警的三级井工金矿采选过程安全预警模型。4.基于GIS和Microsoft SQLServer2005数据库平台,采用Java、ArcEngine等编程语言和平台开发出了井工金矿安全预警系统软件,实现人机交互的可视化,构建了一种综合前馈控制、实时控制、反馈控制和预警为一体的安全预警系统解决方案。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's gold production has greatly increased, gold production ranks first in the world for six consecutive years, but gold mine safety accidents also show an upward trend, heavy casualties of gold production enterprises occur frequently, huge social and economic pressure, requires gold production enterprises must increase safety investment, and vigorously reverse the current very serious safety. In the whole situation, the research object of this paper is the most dangerous gold mine in the gold mining industry. The purpose is to provide reference for the gold production enterprises to improve the safety management and technical level by constructing the safety early warning system in the mining and dressing process of gold mine. In general, these safety monitoring systems can only monitor single safety index. The research on early warning of gold mine safety in domestic scientific research institutions is still in the initial and exploratory stage. No research papers and achievements have been found in this field at home and abroad through literature retrieval. On the basis of safety technical standards and specifications, combined with the statistical data of accidents in three gold mines in Yunnan and Guizhou for many years, guided by the theory of system science, and taking advantage of scientific theories and methods such as safety monitoring technology, safety evaluation technology, and computer network and other advanced technical means, this paper aims at the characteristics of gold mining and dressing enterprises in coal mines. Through the risk analysis of mining and dressing process of gold mine, the establishment of safety early warning index, the construction of safety early warning model and the establishment of digital safety early warning system, the dynamic safety monitoring and early warning are carried out to realize the real-time monitoring, diagnosis, control and correction of safety production activities, providing theoretical basis for preventing and reducing the occurrence of accidents. And technical support to realize the feed-forward control, process control, feedback control of the mining and dressing process of gold mine, and ultimately realize the goal of intrinsic safety management of gold mine mining and dressing enterprise. Establishment of early-warning index system for process safety, (4) Construction of early-warning system model for mining and dressing process of gold mine, (5) Establishment and Realization of early-warning system for mining and dressing process of gold mine are the key points of this research. The main conclusions and achievements are as follows. 1. Theoretical research. This paper studies the theory, technology and realization path of security early warning from the perspective of security philosophy. This paper holds that the ideological root of security early warning research is the modern security philosophy with the core of intrinsic security thought, and security early warning research. Modern system theory: system theory, cybernetics, information theory, catastrophe theory, synergy theory, dissipative structure theory are the methodological basis for the study of safety early warning. Accident cause theory provides the research object for the study of safety early warning. Secondly, this paper holds that the technical basis of safety early warning is mainly safety monitoring technology, safety evaluation technology and safety early warning technology. Their logical sequence is: first, through safety monitoring technology to obtain the monitoring of risk factors in the mining and dressing process of gold mine. Measured values, safety assessment technology based on safety monitoring data into risk assessment, safety early warning technology based on the results of the assessment of the early warning of the state of security, these three technologies in the construction of the early warning system of security interlinked, constitute the technical basis of security early warning. Finally, this study theoretically expounded the function of security early warning and the realization of the road. In the aspect of hazard analysis, hazard analysis is the basis of safety early warning research. Through hazard analysis, we can grasp the types of accidents and hazard characteristics of the system and thus form a clear understanding of the early warning objects. On this basis, based on the theory of accident cause, through the analysis of the dimension and mechanism of accident occurrence, a four-dimensional dimension model of mining and dressing process, a mechanism model of accident occurrence and a safety influencing factor system of mining and dressing process are designed, in order to make the mining and dressing process of gold mine constructed in this study. The system of safety influencing factors is more systematic. By means of the method of interpretive structural model, this paper establishes the explanatory structural model of safety influencing factors in mining and dressing process of gold mine by calculating adjacency matrix and reachability matrix. The extraction and sublimation of safety factors in the mining and dressing process of gold mine can reflect the safety status of the whole safety production system systematically. This paper analyzes the equipment, materials, energy, technology, personnel, external supervision and management in the mining and dressing process of gold mine systematically, from the external safety supervision, environment, equipment, management, personnel and so on. A safety early warning index system including 5 first-class safety early warning indexes and 73 second-class safety early warning indexes is established. 4. The level and model of safety early warning are constructed. Early warning is lack of single index early warning and subsystem early warning. The hierarchy of security early warning is established. According to single index early warning, subsystem and system early warning, the early warning level is divided, and the early warning level and rules are set according to the actual situation of gold mine. In this study, the genetic wavelet God is proposed to construct the early warning model of the system. Through the network security early warning model, and analyzes the genetic wavelet neural network overall structure, elaborated the early warning model input layer, fuzzification layer, operation layer and anti-fuzzification layer and its operation process and training steps, provides the mathematical and technical basis for the construction of the security early warning system. 5. The construction of the security early warning system. A safety early warning system for miner gold mining and dressing enterprises has been designed. A safety early warning system for miner gold mining and dressing process covering personnel, equipment, hardware and software has been constructed based on organization, monitoring, storage, calculation and output. Real-time dynamic monitoring of mining, lifting, ground pressure, ventilation, drainage, goaf, beneficiation, gold extraction, smelting and other key areas and possible risks in the process of mining and dressing of industrial gold deposits has been carried out. True, three-dimensional modeling, electronic communication, automation, computer technology, through industrial Ethernet and automation platform software to achieve the geographic information management system, each production link subsystem, the underground environment monitoring subsystem and monitoring early warning and dispatching command subsystem of the depth of integration. Based on GIS and Microsoft SQL Server 2005 database platform, the safety early warning system software is developed by using Java, ArcEngine and other programming languages. The system can realize normal safety monitoring and accident disaster early warning. The landing and function interface of the system are introduced in detail, and the software is analyzed. Map management module, safety management module, safety early warning module, emergency rescue module, specific operation and man-machine interactive view of system management and maintenance support mode are introduced. The organization structure, hierarchy and responsibility of safety early warning system in mining and dressing process of Hegong Gold Mine are introduced. Empirical study shows that the system can better complete the safety of gold mine. The main innovations of this paper are as follows: 1. Based on the theory of accident cause, this paper takes the mining and mineral processing subsystems of gold mine as the research object. The paper establishes the mechanism model of accidents in the mining and dressing process of gold mine and discusses the interaction paths among various factors and the rules of accident occurrence and evolution, and constructs the ISM model of safety influencing factors in the mining and dressing process of gold mine. 2. It constructs the early warning index including external supervision, environmental safety, equipment safety and management. The practicality of five first-class safety early warning indicators such as safety early warning indicators, personnel safety early warning indicators and 73 second-class safety early warning indicators belonging to them, and the universal safety early warning indicators system for miners and gold mines, especially in the construction of equipment safety early warning indicators, have made common equipment safety early warning indicators and regional safety early warning indicators. In the construction of personnel safety early warning indicators, all personnel safety early warning indicators, safety technicians early warning indicators and management personnel safety early warning indicators are carefully divided, which improves the pertinence of the indicators and avoids the situation that the indicators are too general. 3. Based on fuzzy mathematics and genetic algorithm, wavelet transform is established. BP neural network model of safety early warning for mining and dressing process of gold mine, and establish three-level model of safety early warning for mining and dressing process of gold mine, including single index early warning, subsystem early warning and system early warning. 4. Based on GIS and Microsoft SQL Server 2005 database platform, using Java, ArcEngine and other programming languages and platforms. The software of mine safety early warning system is developed to realize the visualization of man-machine interaction. A solution of safety early warning system which integrates feedforward control, real-time control, feedback control and early warning is constructed.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TD76
本文编号：2224419
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's gold production has greatly increased, gold production ranks first in the world for six consecutive years, but gold mine safety accidents also show an upward trend, heavy casualties of gold production enterprises occur frequently, huge social and economic pressure, requires gold production enterprises must increase safety investment, and vigorously reverse the current very serious safety. In the whole situation, the research object of this paper is the most dangerous gold mine in the gold mining industry. The purpose is to provide reference for the gold production enterprises to improve the safety management and technical level by constructing the safety early warning system in the mining and dressing process of gold mine. In general, these safety monitoring systems can only monitor single safety index. The research on early warning of gold mine safety in domestic scientific research institutions is still in the initial and exploratory stage. No research papers and achievements have been found in this field at home and abroad through literature retrieval. On the basis of safety technical standards and specifications, combined with the statistical data of accidents in three gold mines in Yunnan and Guizhou for many years, guided by the theory of system science, and taking advantage of scientific theories and methods such as safety monitoring technology, safety evaluation technology, and computer network and other advanced technical means, this paper aims at the characteristics of gold mining and dressing enterprises in coal mines. Through the risk analysis of mining and dressing process of gold mine, the establishment of safety early warning index, the construction of safety early warning model and the establishment of digital safety early warning system, the dynamic safety monitoring and early warning are carried out to realize the real-time monitoring, diagnosis, control and correction of safety production activities, providing theoretical basis for preventing and reducing the occurrence of accidents. And technical support to realize the feed-forward control, process control, feedback control of the mining and dressing process of gold mine, and ultimately realize the goal of intrinsic safety management of gold mine mining and dressing enterprise. Establishment of early-warning index system for process safety, (4) Construction of early-warning system model for mining and dressing process of gold mine, (5) Establishment and Realization of early-warning system for mining and dressing process of gold mine are the key points of this research. The main conclusions and achievements are as follows. 1. Theoretical research. This paper studies the theory, technology and realization path of security early warning from the perspective of security philosophy. This paper holds that the ideological root of security early warning research is the modern security philosophy with the core of intrinsic security thought, and security early warning research. Modern system theory: system theory, cybernetics, information theory, catastrophe theory, synergy theory, dissipative structure theory are the methodological basis for the study of safety early warning. Accident cause theory provides the research object for the study of safety early warning. Secondly, this paper holds that the technical basis of safety early warning is mainly safety monitoring technology, safety evaluation technology and safety early warning technology. Their logical sequence is: first, through safety monitoring technology to obtain the monitoring of risk factors in the mining and dressing process of gold mine. Measured values, safety assessment technology based on safety monitoring data into risk assessment, safety early warning technology based on the results of the assessment of the early warning of the state of security, these three technologies in the construction of the early warning system of security interlinked, constitute the technical basis of security early warning. Finally, this study theoretically expounded the function of security early warning and the realization of the road. In the aspect of hazard analysis, hazard analysis is the basis of safety early warning research. Through hazard analysis, we can grasp the types of accidents and hazard characteristics of the system and thus form a clear understanding of the early warning objects. On this basis, based on the theory of accident cause, through the analysis of the dimension and mechanism of accident occurrence, a four-dimensional dimension model of mining and dressing process, a mechanism model of accident occurrence and a safety influencing factor system of mining and dressing process are designed, in order to make the mining and dressing process of gold mine constructed in this study. The system of safety influencing factors is more systematic. By means of the method of interpretive structural model, this paper establishes the explanatory structural model of safety influencing factors in mining and dressing process of gold mine by calculating adjacency matrix and reachability matrix. The extraction and sublimation of safety factors in the mining and dressing process of gold mine can reflect the safety status of the whole safety production system systematically. This paper analyzes the equipment, materials, energy, technology, personnel, external supervision and management in the mining and dressing process of gold mine systematically, from the external safety supervision, environment, equipment, management, personnel and so on. A safety early warning index system including 5 first-class safety early warning indexes and 73 second-class safety early warning indexes is established. 4. The level and model of safety early warning are constructed. Early warning is lack of single index early warning and subsystem early warning. The hierarchy of security early warning is established. According to single index early warning, subsystem and system early warning, the early warning level is divided, and the early warning level and rules are set according to the actual situation of gold mine. In this study, the genetic wavelet God is proposed to construct the early warning model of the system. Through the network security early warning model, and analyzes the genetic wavelet neural network overall structure, elaborated the early warning model input layer, fuzzification layer, operation layer and anti-fuzzification layer and its operation process and training steps, provides the mathematical and technical basis for the construction of the security early warning system. 5. The construction of the security early warning system. A safety early warning system for miner gold mining and dressing enterprises has been designed. A safety early warning system for miner gold mining and dressing process covering personnel, equipment, hardware and software has been constructed based on organization, monitoring, storage, calculation and output. Real-time dynamic monitoring of mining, lifting, ground pressure, ventilation, drainage, goaf, beneficiation, gold extraction, smelting and other key areas and possible risks in the process of mining and dressing of industrial gold deposits has been carried out. True, three-dimensional modeling, electronic communication, automation, computer technology, through industrial Ethernet and automation platform software to achieve the geographic information management system, each production link subsystem, the underground environment monitoring subsystem and monitoring early warning and dispatching command subsystem of the depth of integration. Based on GIS and Microsoft SQL Server 2005 database platform, the safety early warning system software is developed by using Java, ArcEngine and other programming languages. The system can realize normal safety monitoring and accident disaster early warning. The landing and function interface of the system are introduced in detail, and the software is analyzed. Map management module, safety management module, safety early warning module, emergency rescue module, specific operation and man-machine interactive view of system management and maintenance support mode are introduced. The organization structure, hierarchy and responsibility of safety early warning system in mining and dressing process of Hegong Gold Mine are introduced. Empirical study shows that the system can better complete the safety of gold mine. The main innovations of this paper are as follows: 1. Based on the theory of accident cause, this paper takes the mining and mineral processing subsystems of gold mine as the research object. The paper establishes the mechanism model of accidents in the mining and dressing process of gold mine and discusses the interaction paths among various factors and the rules of accident occurrence and evolution, and constructs the ISM model of safety influencing factors in the mining and dressing process of gold mine. 2. It constructs the early warning index including external supervision, environmental safety, equipment safety and management. The practicality of five first-class safety early warning indicators such as safety early warning indicators, personnel safety early warning indicators and 73 second-class safety early warning indicators belonging to them, and the universal safety early warning indicators system for miners and gold mines, especially in the construction of equipment safety early warning indicators, have made common equipment safety early warning indicators and regional safety early warning indicators. In the construction of personnel safety early warning indicators, all personnel safety early warning indicators, safety technicians early warning indicators and management personnel safety early warning indicators are carefully divided, which improves the pertinence of the indicators and avoids the situation that the indicators are too general. 3. Based on fuzzy mathematics and genetic algorithm, wavelet transform is established. BP neural network model of safety early warning for mining and dressing process of gold mine, and establish three-level model of safety early warning for mining and dressing process of gold mine, including single index early warning, subsystem early warning and system early warning. 4. Based on GIS and Microsoft SQL Server 2005 database platform, using Java, ArcEngine and other programming languages and platforms. The software of mine safety early warning system is developed to realize the visualization of man-machine interaction. A solution of safety early warning system which integrates feedforward control, real-time control, feedback control and early warning is constructed.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TD76
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