基于红外的铁路无人道口监控系统的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-09-07 15:49

【摘要】：随着我国铁路运营网络的快速发展,铁路运营里程逐年增长,列车的运行速度和密度不断提高,公路交通领域的汽车数量也在逐年增加,部分铁路无人道口安全防护设备相对落后,存在一定的危险性,给铁路无人道口带来了安全隐患。每年在无人道口都会发生一定量交通事故,造成了较大的经济损失和人员伤亡。因此,设计和开发一种实用的无人道口监控系统是有意义的。该系统综合运用传感器技术、现代通信技术和计算机技术,实现对铁路无人道口的实时监控与可靠控制。系统分为列车接近信息采集节点、道口控制台和上位机监控软件三部分,信息采集节点用于采集列车进入道口和离开道口的信息,分别安装四对红外对射传感器于距离道口两侧一公里左右,呈现交叉式安装在钢轨两侧安全限距规定范围内,接收端两高两低,以便接收列车遮挡红外的信息,此方式既可判断列车通过方向、速度等信息,也可以用于判断干扰信息,采集数据经单片机处理后,采集节点以CAN总线的方式将是否有列车接近的信息上传到道口控制台。道口控制台根据接收到采集节点发送来的列车接近信息,将道口防护栏落下,阻止行人和车辆通过,并通过信号机亮红灯和语音播报的形式提示行人和车辆注意安全；当接收列车离开信息时,则将道口防护栏升起,信号机亮绿灯,提示行人和车辆道口是安全的,可以放心通过；与此同时,通过GPRS无线通信的方式将该信息上传至监控中心。监控中心完成对接收到的道口信息进行存储,并实时的显示道口状态,生成各类所需报表,当系统设备故障时,可立即派人赶往现场进行维修。在道口控制台和列车接近信息采集节点电路板上设计了光电隔离电路和电源隔离电路,提高信息传输的可靠性和系统的抗干扰能力；信息采集红外安装的特殊结构也可以提高列车接近的识别率,达到了无人道口的安全防护效果。该系统能够为通过无人道口的行人和车辆提供列车进入与离开无人道口信息,可在一定程度上改善铁路无人道口的安全状况；可对多个无人道口进行实时监控,达到设备检修及时、维护方便的目的；为完善和改进铁路无人道口监控和防护系统提供了一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of railway operation network in China, the mileage of railway operation is increasing year by year, the speed and density of train running are increasing, and the number of vehicles in the field of highway transportation is increasing year by year. Some railway unmanned crossing safety protection equipment is relatively backward, there is certain danger, which brings safety hidden trouble to railway unmanned crossing. A certain number of traffic accidents occur every year at the unattended crossing, resulting in large economic losses and casualties. Therefore, it is meaningful to design and develop a practical unmanned crossing monitoring system. The system integrates sensor technology, modern communication technology and computer technology to realize real-time monitoring and reliable control of unmanned railway crossing. The system is divided into three parts: train approaching information acquisition node, crossing console and PC monitoring software. The information acquisition node is used to collect the information of the train entering and leaving the crossing. Each of the four pairs of infrared anti-fire sensors is installed about one kilometer from the two sides of the crossing, showing a cross-type installation within the prescribed range of safety limits on both sides of the rail, and the receiving ends are two high and two low in order to receive the information of the train to block the infrared. This method can not only judge the direction, speed and other information of the train, but also can be used to judge the interference information. After the data is processed by single chip computer, the acquisition node uploads the information of whether the train is close to the crossing console by CAN bus. On the basis of receiving the information of train approach sent from the acquisition node, the crossing console falls down the crossing barrier to prevent pedestrians and vehicles from passing through, and prompts pedestrians and vehicles to pay attention to safety through the form of a red light and voice broadcast by a signal generator; When receiving the train leaving the information, the barrier is raised, the signal is green, indicating that the pedestrian and vehicle crossing is safe and can be safely passed. At the same time, the information is uploaded to the monitoring center through GPRS wireless communication. The monitoring center stores the received information and displays the status of the interface in real time, and generates all kinds of required reports. When the system equipment fails, people can be sent to the site immediately to carry out maintenance. In order to improve the reliability of information transmission and the anti-interference ability of the system, the photoelectric isolation circuit and the power source isolation circuit are designed on the interface console and the circuit board of train approaching information acquisition node. The special structure of information acquisition and infrared installation can also improve the identification rate of train approach and achieve the safety protection effect of unmanned crossing. The system can provide information of train entry and departure for pedestrians and vehicles passing through unattended crossings, improve the safety of unmanned railway crossings to a certain extent, and monitor several unmanned crossings in real time. It can achieve the purpose of timely maintenance and convenient maintenance, and provides a certain reference value for perfecting and improving the monitoring and protection system of railway unattended crossing.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP277;U298

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