核安全壳普通结构与隔震结构的抗震性能比较研究

发布时间：2018-09-11 09:28

【摘要】：随着核电的发展，核电站的安全问题日益受到人们的关注。从几次大型的灾难性事故中可以看出，核电站的抗震能力需进一步研究。而核安全壳结构是核电站安全的最后一道屏障，因此对其进行抗震研究具有重大意义。本文基于某核安全壳1:15的缩比模型，进行了振动台抗震试验与隔震试验，，并采用ANSYS对该安全壳分别进行普通结构和隔震结构的抗震有限元分析。从结果进行对比研究中，评估了地震作用下核安全壳普通结构与隔震结构的抗震性能。首先根据相似比理论，设计制作了某核安全壳结构1:15缩尺模型，并对模型施加配重，建立安全壳结构的欠人工质量传统抗震模型，利用量纲分析法推导出了试验模型所遵循的相似准则及各物理量的相似比。根据相应规范选取并调整符合实际场地条件的地震波，进行在峰值为0.1g、0.2g、0.3g地震波作用下的安全壳普通结构的地震振动台试验，记录给出了关键部位的加速度、位移、应变响应数据。接着，应用MATLAB软件对试验数据进行分析，得出安全壳抗震模型的动力特性和动力响应规律。在安全壳结构缩尺模型基础上，选取天然橡胶垫作为安全壳结构的隔震层，建立安全壳结构的隔震模型。根据模型的参数数据，对隔震层进行竖向承载力和水平侧移的验算，保证隔震层参数满足试验要求。然后，按照传统抗震模型地震波的选取原则和调整方法进行地震波的选取与调整，进行峰值为0.152g、0.304g、0.608g地震波作用下安全壳隔震振动台试验。在对动力试验响应数据进行分析的基础上，给出安全壳隔震模型的动力特性和动力响应规律。最后，在ANSYS中建立整体式钢筋混凝土安全壳传统抗震以及隔震有限元模型，系统考虑安全壳结构的边界条件和配重等影响因素，以试验测得台面加速度作为地震波输入，分别进行了传统抗震模型、隔震模型的模态分析以及时程响应分析。并对试验分析和数值模拟的结果进行对比分析，综合评估安全壳结构的抗震和隔震性能。通过研究表明，安全壳结构传统抗震模型具有较大刚度，对输入地震波具有放大效果，但幅度不明显，表明安全壳传统抗震模型具有良好的抗震能力。安全壳隔震模型能够有效限制地震力向上部结构传递，减小上部结构的地震响应；安全壳结构整体呈现为刚体平动，侧向位移较大，主要产生在隔震层。本文对于安全壳结构抗震与隔震性能对比研究，可为核电站安全壳结构抗震性能分析提供参考。
[Abstract]:With the development of nuclear power, people pay more and more attention to the safety of nuclear power plants. It can be seen from several catastrophic accidents that the seismic capacity of nuclear power plants needs further study. The nuclear safety shell structure is the last barrier of nuclear power plant safety, so it is of great significance to study the earthquake resistance of nuclear power plant. Based on the 1:15 shrinkage model of a nuclear safety shell, the seismic test and isolation test of shaking table are carried out, and the seismic finite element analysis of the ordinary structure and isolated structure is carried out by ANSYS. In this paper, the seismic performance of the normal structure and isolated structure of nuclear safety shell under earthquake action is evaluated by comparing the results. Based on the similarity ratio theory, the 1:15 scale model of a nuclear safety shell structure is designed and made, and the traditional seismic model of the containment structure with less artificial quality is established by applying counterweight to the model. By means of dimensional analysis, the similarity criterion and the similarity ratio of each physical quantity are derived. According to the corresponding specifications, the seismic waves which accord with the actual site conditions are selected and adjusted, and the seismic shaking table test of the common containment structure with a peak value of 0.1 g / 0.2g / 0.3g seismic wave is carried out. The acceleration and displacement of the key parts are recorded. Strain response data. Then, the test data are analyzed by MATLAB software, and the dynamic characteristics and dynamic response of the containment seismic model are obtained. Based on the scale model of containment structure, natural rubber cushion is selected as the isolation layer of containment structure, and the isolation model of containment structure is established. According to the parameter data of the model, the vertical bearing capacity and horizontal lateral displacement of the isolation layer are checked to ensure that the parameters of the isolation layer meet the test requirements. Then, according to the selection principle and adjustment method of traditional seismic model seismic wave, the vibration table test of containment isolation under the action of 0.152g / 0.304g / 0.608g seismic wave is carried out. Based on the analysis of dynamic test response data, the dynamic characteristics and dynamic response of containment isolation model are presented. Finally, the traditional seismic and isolation finite element models of integral reinforced concrete containment are established in ANSYS. The influence factors such as boundary condition and counterweight of containment structure are systematically considered, and the measured Mesa acceleration is used as the seismic wave input. The modal analysis of the traditional seismic model and the isolated model is carried out to analyze the response in time. The results of experimental analysis and numerical simulation are compared to evaluate the seismic and isolation performance of containment structures. The results show that the traditional seismic model of containment structure has large stiffness and magnification effect on the input seismic wave, but the amplitude is not obvious, which indicates that the traditional seismic model of containment structure has good seismic capacity. Containment isolation model can effectively limit the transfer of seismic force to the upper structure and reduce the seismic response of the upper structure. This paper provides a reference for seismic performance analysis of containment structures in nuclear power plants.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TL364.3;TU352.11

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