内河船载液态危险品安全状态监测技术研究

发布时间：2018-09-14 12:04

【摘要】：伴随着我国工业的快速发展,长江流域液态危险品的运输量正逐步增大。液态危险品具有易燃、易爆、强烈腐蚀性、毒害、放射线辐射等特性,并且内河液态危险品运输船舶技术状况较差,老旧船较多,而且内河航运从业人员素质较低,大大地增加了事故发生的危险。近几年我国内河液态危险品运输船舶发生的险情事故占总事故数的10%左右,虽然我国制定了相关法律法规来规范水上危险品运输的各个重要环节,但是利用技术手段保障我国内河水上液态危险品安全运输的研究却比较少,特别是对液态危险品的全程、实时监控。为了保障内河液态危险品运输安全,本文依托船载液态危险品状态监测关键技术与应用示范,对船载液态危险品安全状态监测和预警的各项关键技术进行研究。针对传统机械测量精度低且不能实时获得液位数据的问题,提出并实现了利用高精度雷达液位计实时监测液态危险品液位；研究并实现了基于Modbus RTU (Remote Terminal Unit)协议的液态危险品状态数据采集方法,并对液态危险品状态数据进行预处理,提高了测量精度；基于微机电惯性传感器实时感知船舶运动姿态,通过液位横、纵倾修正模型,实现了液货舱液位以及货物体积的实时精确计算；设计了一种船岸间数据传输的编码格式,利用现有的数据采集终端将船舱液态危险品状态信息、船舶姿态等数据高效地传输到岸上的管理中心。在模拟实验中,本文利用温度传感器、压力传感器、雷达液位计分别进行了温度、压力和液位高度测量实验,分析了各种传感器的测量精度和信号的稳定性,以确保各种传感器能够满足精确测量的需求。本文所研制的船载液态危险品状态监测与预警系统能够为船载液态危险品运输途中的安全监控提供完整的解决方案,将有力提升水上液态危险品运输的安全水平,对环境保护和人身、财产安全保障具有一定促进意义。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industry in China, the transportation volume of liquid dangerous goods in the Yangtze River Basin is increasing step by step. Liquid dangerous goods have the characteristics of flammability, explosive, strong corrosiveness, poison, radiation and so on, and the technical condition of inland liquid dangerous goods transportation ships is poor, there are more old and old ships, and the quality of inland waterway shipping personnel is low. The danger of an accident was greatly increased. In recent years, about 10% of the total number of accidents occurred in dangerous goods transport ships in inland rivers, although China has formulated relevant laws and regulations to regulate the various important links in the transport of dangerous goods on water. However, there are few researches on ensuring the safe transportation of liquid dangerous goods on inland rivers in China, especially on the whole process and real time monitoring of liquid dangerous goods. In order to ensure the transportation safety of liquid dangerous goods in inland rivers, this paper studies the key technologies of safety monitoring and early warning of liquid dangerous goods on board ships based on the key technology and application demonstration of the state monitoring of liquid dangerous goods on board ships. Aiming at the problem that the traditional mechanical measurement accuracy is low and the liquid level data can not be obtained in real time, a high precision radar liquid level meter is proposed and realized to monitor the liquid level of liquid dangerous goods in real time. The data acquisition method of liquid dangerous goods based on Modbus RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) protocol is studied and realized, and the state data of liquid dangerous goods are preprocessed to improve the measurement accuracy. The real time accurate calculation of liquid level and cargo volume of cargo tank is realized by modifying model of liquid level and trim, and a coding format of data transmission between ship and shore is designed, and the status information of liquid dangerous goods in ship cabin is obtained by using existing data acquisition terminal. Ship attitude and other data are efficiently transmitted to the management center on shore. In the simulation experiment, the temperature, pressure and liquid level height are measured by using temperature sensor, pressure sensor and radar liquid level meter respectively. The measuring accuracy and signal stability of various sensors are analyzed. To ensure that the various sensors can meet the needs of accurate measurement. The state monitoring and early warning system developed in this paper can provide a complete solution for the safety monitoring and control of the ship's liquid dangerous goods in transit, and it will be able to enhance the safety level of the liquid dangerous goods transportation on the water. To the environment protection and the person, the property safety safeguard has the certain promotion significance.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U695.292;U698.3

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