煤层自燃防治与高温爆破安全技术中的若干力学问题

发布时间：2018-09-15 05:40

【摘要】：煤层自燃已经是我国大规模煤矿开采不可回避的问题。在高温环境下的煤矿爆破开采,既涉及到爆破的高温环境也需要改进高温爆破技术,其中认识高温爆破中的工程规律,是解决高温爆破技术的关键。首先对煤层自燃的条件进行了量纲分析,说明了煤层中裂隙对流比热传导更容易诱发煤层自燃;煤体中的破裂场、气流场是煤层自燃的条件,单纯封堵裂缝隔绝空气的方法有短期效果,但地质体因煤层燃烧力学特性改变产生变形和破裂后,会死而复燃。讨论了井工开采诱发煤层自燃的机理以及相关科学问题,对井工开采分析了采空区上方冒落带、破裂带、沉降带与煤层自燃的关系,提出了地表长期封闭覆盖与自适应循环注水相结合的综合灭火方法。进而分析了露天矿开采高边坡稳定性与煤层自燃环境的关系,边坡开挖引起山体变形、开裂,形成破裂场是产生煤层自燃的基本要素。最后,分析了深孔爆破中,爆破技术可靠性中涉及的科学问题,介绍了利用循环水降温的方法。
[Abstract]:Coal seam spontaneous combustion is an unavoidable problem in large-scale coal mining in China. The coal mine blasting mining under the high temperature environment not only involves the high temperature blasting environment but also needs to improve the high temperature blasting technology. Understanding the engineering law in the high temperature blasting is the key to solve the high temperature blasting technology. First of all, the condition of spontaneous combustion of coal seam is analyzed, which shows that convection in coal seam is easier to induce spontaneous combustion of coal seam than heat conduction, and that the rupture field in coal body is the condition of spontaneous combustion of coal seam, and the air flow field in coal body is the condition of spontaneous combustion of coal seam. The method of sealing the cracks and isolating the air has short-term effect, but the geological body will die and be rekindled after the deformation and rupture due to the change of the combustion mechanical properties of the coal seam. This paper discusses the mechanism and related scientific problems of spontaneous combustion of coal seam induced by well work mining, and analyzes the relationship between caving zone, fracture zone, subsidence zone and spontaneous combustion of coal seam above goaf. A comprehensive fire extinguishing method combined with long-term closed cover and self-adaptive cyclic water injection is proposed. Furthermore, the relationship between the stability of high slope in open-pit mining and the spontaneous combustion environment of coal seam is analyzed. The slope excavation causes mountain deformation and cracking, and the formation of fracture field is the basic factor to produce spontaneous combustion of coal seam. Finally, the scientific problems involved in the reliability of blasting technology in deep hole blasting are analyzed, and the method of using circulating water to reduce temperature is introduced.
【作者单位】：中国科学院力学研究所;广东宏大爆破股份有限公司;
【基金】：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB10030303) 国家自然科学基金项目(51374196);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(11002146;11302229)
【分类号】：TD752.2;TD235.41

【参考文献】